哈萨克斯坦共和国不同区域降水的变化特征

Characteristics of Precipitation Variation in Different Regions of Kazakhstan

基于哈萨克斯坦5个代表站的降水资料，利用一元线性回归法、Mann-Kendall突变检验和Morlet小波的方法，分析历年降水变化特征，结果表明：东部和中部降水呈减少趋势，其余为增加趋势，东部于1962年发生突变，西部和中部分别于1970年和1984年发生突变。东部春季和夏季的降水呈减少趋势，秋季和冬季为增加趋势。西部的春季、秋季和冬季降水呈增加趋势，夏季降水呈减少趋势。北部春季和秋季降水为增加趋势，夏季和冬季降水呈减少趋势。南部的春季、夏季和秋季降水呈增加趋势，冬季降水呈减少趋势。中部春季、夏季和秋季的降水呈减少趋势，冬季降水呈增加趋势。哈萨克斯坦不同区域的降水量均存在多个尺度的周期变化，但其共同点是均存在2～3a和6a的短周期变化。

Based on the observation precipitation data of five stations in Kazakhstan, used the methods of linear regression, Mann-Kendall mutation test and Morlet wavelet, the precipitation variation characteristics in past decades were analyzed. The results showed that the precipitation trends in eastern and central parts of Kazakhstan were decreased, while the other were increased,the eastern mutated in 1962, and the central and western mutated in 1970 and 1984 respectively.The precipitation trends in eastern of Kazakhstan showed a decreasing trend in spring and summer,and a increasing trend in autumn and winter; the western showed a increasing trend in spring,autumn and winter, summer showed a reverse trend; the southern showed a increasing trend in spring and autumn, and a decreasing trend in summer and winter; the northern showed a increasing trend in spring, summer and autumn, winter showed a reverse trend; the central showed a decreasing trend in spring, summer and autumn, winter was opposite. The different regions of Kazakhstan existed multiple scales changes,and all had a short period precipitation change in 2-3and 6 years.