浅谈“聊斋学”史料中的几则“稗官家言”

Brief Probe into Several “Unofficial Sayings” from the Historical Data of Liaozhaiology

宋人叶梦得《避暑录话》中记载了苏东坡"强人说鬼"的传闻,据考这则传闻是真实可信的。近人邹弢通过实地访问并模仿叶梦得之笔法撰成《三借庐笔谈》中的"蒲留仙"条,记载蒲松龄"强执路人使说异闻"之事,却被鲁迅斥为"最为无稽"。近人徐珂《清稗类钞》中有"聊斋志异"条,记载蒲松龄"效东坡强人妄言",虽然也有虚构成分,但它对《聊斋志异》创作过程及其艺术特色的描述与把握,都表现得极具眼光和腕力,在同类"聊斋学"史料中最为精彩。清人笔记中之此类"聊斋学"史料,虽于事实无稽,而于事理却有征,具有相当高的"通性之真实",因此应该引起"聊斋学"研究者的注意和重视。

In Song Dynasty Song Mengde records in his Summer vacation Reco-rded Speech a hearsay that Su Dongpo,“made people say ghost”,which is pro-ved to be credible. However,in modern age,Zou Tao is reprimanded by Lu Xun as“the most unfounded”while he records the anecdote that Pu Songling“held the passers-by to make them say strange stories”in his San jie lu converse by writ-ing,which is written on site visits and the imitation of Ye Mengde's writing style. Xu Ke,in the strip of Liaozhai zhiyi from Qingbai leichao,records that Pu Songling“imitated Su Dongpo to make peole wild talk”. Although showing fictio-nal ingredient,it has great vision and power in the desciption and grasp the creating process and artistic feature of Liaozhai zhiyi,and is the most splendid in similar historical data of liaozhaiology. In Qing Dynasty,the historical data of this kind,though unfounded in the fact,has actually effect in the affair and reason and quite highly“reality of general characteristic”,therefore it is sup-posed to attract researcher's attention and stress.