贵州东部常绿落叶阔叶混交林碳素积累及其分配特征

Carbon accumulation and distribution characteristics of the evergreen broadleaved and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests in East Guizhou

以雷公山自然保护区常绿落叶阔叶混交林为研究对象,对其碳素含量、碳密度及分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:生态系统碳素含量表现为乔木层(418.58 g/kg)>灌木层(387.26 g/kg)>草本层(382.80 g/kg)>枯落物层(378.11 g/kg)>土壤层(31.48 g/kg),差异极显著(P﹤0.01),乔木不同器官表现为干>根>叶>枝,差异不显著(P>0.05),灌、草层均表现为地上>地下,土壤碳素含量随土层深度的增加而减少;生态系统碳密度为234.68 t/hm2,表现为土壤层(170.00 t/hm2)>乔木层(57.02 t/hm2)>枯枝落叶层(5.48 t/hm2)>灌木层(1.81 t/hm2)>草本层(0.37 t/hm2),分别占生态系统碳密度的72.44%、24.30%、2.34%、0.77%和0.16%;植被层碳密度为58.79 t/hm2,占了生态系统碳密度的25.09%;乔木层各器官以树干的碳密度最高,占了乔木层碳密度52.43%;灌木层、草本层地上部分碳密度分别是地下部分的2.85倍1.64倍;土壤表层(0—20 cm)碳密度为70.40 t/hm2,显著高于其它各层(P﹤0.001),占了土壤(0—80 cm)碳密度的41.41%,有很强的表聚性,因此,防止地表的水土流失,可有效保持土壤对碳的吸存。

This study was conducted to determine forest carbon content,density,and the characteristics of carbon distribution in the Evergreen Broad-leaved and Deciduous Broad-leaved mixed forest in Lei Gongshan Nature Reserve,Guizhou,China. Results indicated carbon content in the ecosystem varied significantly（ P〈0. 01） between trees,shrubs,herbs,litter and soil： 418. 58 g / kg,387. 26 g / kg,382. 80 g / kg,378. 11 g / kg,and 31. 48 g / kg,respectively.Among the various organs of a tree,the carbon content was distributed as follows： trunks〉 roots 〉leaves〉 branches.For shrubs,the carbon content was distributed as： stems leaves roots. For herbs,the above ground carbon content was higher than the below ground carbon content,while for all of them,the differences in carbon content among the different organs of a tree,shrub or herb was insignificant（ P〉0. 05）. The average carbon content of all vegetation was40. 02%,when all types（ trees,shrubs,and herbs） and all plant organs were considered. The carbon content in the litter of the un-decomposed layer was higher than in the semi-decomposed layer,though the difference was not significant（ P〉0. 05）. The soil carbon content was highest in the soil at a depth of 0 to 20 cm and soil carbon content generally decreased inversely and significantly with soil depth（ P〈0. 01）. The most of the carbon in the entire ecosystem（234. 68 t / hm^2）was divided between the soil（170. 00 t / hm^2） and trees（57. 02 t /hm^2） with the remainder being tied up in the litter（5.48 t / hm^2）,shrubs（1. 81 t /hm^2） and herbs（0. 37 t /hm^2）,and accounting for 72. 44%,24. 30%,2. 34%,0. 77% and0. 16% of the soil carbon of the entire ecosystem,respectively. The carbon density in the vegetation was 58. 79 t / hm^2 accounting for 25. 09% of that in the entire ecosystem. The carbon density among the various organs of a tree could be classified as： tree trunks〉 roots〉 branches〉 leaves and among them the carbon density of the tree trunk was the highest,accounting for 52. 43% of the total. This indicated that tree trunks,among all the organs of a tree,were the major contributor not only to the tree＇ s capacity to accumulate carbon but also determined the quantity of carbon an ecosystem could store. The aboveground carbon density was 2. 85 times higher than the underground density for shrubs and the aboveground carbon density was 1. 64 times higher than the underground carbon density for the herbs. The carbon density in the soil ranged from 27. 40 t / hm^2 to 70. 40 t / hm^2 and it decreased with an increase in the soil depth. The carbon density in the topsoil（0 to 20 cm deep） was 70. 40 t / hm^2 and was prominently higher than that of any other soil depth（ P〈0. 001）,and the carbon density in the topsoil contributed 41. 41% of the entire soil carbon mass measured at depths of 0 to 80 cm,which indicated that carbon accumulated significantly near the topsoil. Therefore,the control of soil and water erosion could effectively maintain the soil＇s capacity to sequestrate and fix soil organic carbon.