从家庭和妇女的视角看生育和计划生育

Childbearing and Family Planning from Perspectives of Family and Women

每个家庭对生育有自己的需求、计划和决策,妇女是生育的主体。在中国低生育水平的背景下,家庭的生育需求和妇女的生育决策主导着生育行为与结果。文章认为,在生育政策调整和完善的过程中,需要从家庭、妇女的角度考虑政策取向。尽管家庭生育数量的变化和差别仅在于一个或两个孩子之间,但公共政策应重视家庭需求,有利于家庭有计划地安排生育,并营造育儿友好的社会环境,以及制定相应的政策支持妇女实现家庭和事业的平衡。

Every family has its demand,plan,and decision on childbearing,and a woman is the center of childbearing.Family demand and woman's decision on fertility lead to childbearing behaviour and outcome in the low fertility era in China.This paper thinks that the perspectives of families and women should be considered in family planning policy reform.Although the variation is only one or two children per family,public policy should pay attention to family demand and be favourable to childbearing as planned by a family to create a childrearing friendly environment.Public policy should also support women's balancing family and career.