失独家庭政策“去特殊化”探讨——基于媒介失独家庭社会形象建构的反思

Addressing "De-specialization" of the Policy of Families Lost Only Child:Based upon Rethinking Media Construction of such Families

文章通过新闻媒体对失独家庭的相关报道进行分析,关注新闻媒体对失独家庭形象的社会建构,结果发现存在单向的偏重失独家庭苦难的报道倾向,部分建构了一个"无解"、"苦难化"、"特殊化"的独生子女死亡家庭的"媒介形象"和"独生导致失独"的逻辑暗示。而在这种失独家庭媒介关注的"标签化"背后有部分学者研究定位、价值指向和政策建议的支持。媒体和学界对失独家庭的特殊化塑造,或将有碍失独家庭走出丧子之痛融入社会,也使计划生育政策受到误读和抨击。因此文章建议,失独家庭媒介报道首先要去"标签化",学界应把失独家庭放到大的人口结构背景下来研究;失独家庭特别扶助政策应逐渐整合于社会救助体系中;应特别关注独生子女的生命教育和关怀,失独家庭心理层面的社会支持、生命意义的再认知和再建构十分重要。

By analyzing relevant reports on families lost only child by news media and by focusing on the social construction on the image of the families,this article finds bias of the reports which have partially constructed a 'media image' of the families as 'Unsolv able', 'Suffering' and 'Specialized',and implied that single child policy leads to the fact of 'lost the only child'.The labels about lost only child families delivered by the media are supported by some researchers in their academic position,value orientation and policy suggestions.The specialized construction of the families by both the media and the academia may prevent these families from recovering from the loss of the only child and integrating into the society,which may also results in a misreading and criticism of the family planning policy.Therefore,this article suggests that media reports should remove the 'labelized' image of these families,the academia should study these families based on the general background of population structure,and the special support policy for the families lost only child should integrate itself into the community-based relief system.The life education and care for the single child should be specially focused.For the families lost only child,the social support on psychological level and the re-cognition and re-construction for the meaning of life are essentially significant.