基于GIS和RUSLE乌裕尔河流域土壤侵蚀定量评价

Quantitative Assessment of Soil Erosion in Wuyuer River Basin Based on GIS and RUSLE

基于修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）和GIS技术,以位于东北黑土耕作区的乌裕尔河流域为研究区,以遥感影像为数据源,结合自然地理环境特征,提取土壤侵蚀模型的各种因子,估算土壤侵蚀模数.根据SL190-96的分级标准,对土壤侵蚀强度进行了分级,获得乌裕尔河流域土壤侵蚀现状图,并对不同土地利用类型的土壤侵蚀状况进行了统计,结果表明：乌裕尔河流域土壤侵蚀以轻度侵蚀为主,共有8116.16 km2,占65.05%,其中轻Ⅰ型面积为4068.62 km2,占32.6%,中度侵蚀面积为1394.82 km2,占11.2%;轻度侵蚀集中连片分布,而中度以上侵蚀主要集中在坡度较大区域.土地利用类型中以旱田侵蚀最突出,主要表现为大面积的轻度侵蚀强度;但未利用地侵蚀最严重,主要体现在中度以上侵蚀;林地、草地和居民地以微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀为主;0~3°、3~8°以下以轻度侵蚀为主,强度侵蚀和极强侵蚀,在坡度为8~15°时达到最大侵蚀面积.

The soil erosion modulus of the Wuyuer River Basin which is located in northeast black soil cultivation area is evaluated based on the Universal Soil Loss Equation （RUSLE） and GIS technology. Each factor affecting soil erosion is calculated by the Remote sensing image and the natural geographic environmental data set. The soil erosion intensity is classified into different levels according to the classification standard of SL190- 96. Then status quo map of the soil erosion is derived, and the status of soil erosion under different land use types is analyzed. The results showe that slight erosion dominated the Wuyuer River Basin with the area of 8116.16 km2, which accounting for 65.05%. The area of slight Ⅰerosion is 4068. 62 km2, accounting for 32. 6% , and the area of moderate erosion is 1394. 82 km2, accounting for 11. 2%. The slight erosion distribution is concentrated, while the moderate erosion distributions were mainly on the relatively larger slope area. For different land use types, soil erosion in dry farmland is the most prominent, which presented a large area of slight erosion. Soil erosion in unutilized land is the most serious, which is the moderate erosion. Forest land, grass land and residential area were associated with mired and slight erosions. Slope of 0 - 3° and 3-8°were mainly slight erosion, while slope of 8 - 15 ° is dominate by strong and extremely strong erosion.