中国卫氏并殖吸虫分子鉴定和遗传进化的研究概况

Research on molecular identification and genetic evolution of Paragonimus westermani in China

卫氏并殖吸虫病是我国重要的食源性寄生虫病之一,其病原体通过蜊蛄、溪蟹传播,可寄生于人体及多种哺乳动物组织、脏器内,引起肺吸虫病.我国是重要的卫氏并殖吸虫分布国度,有25个省（市、自治区）有分布卫氏并殖吸虫的报告.在卫氏并殖吸虫分类地位的研究中,仅靠形态学技术很难全面揭示该虫种的分子多样性.近些年来,随着分子生物学技术的发展,采用各种分子方法对卫氏并殖吸虫进行分类和鉴定的技术展现出很大的优势.分子遗传技术的应用也为阐明卫氏并殖吸虫的生物学、流行病学和遗传学特性提供了有效的手段和方法.但是,这些分子方法的敏感性和特异性以及其检测时间和花费又有着明显的差异,需要根据不同的研究场合使用相应的方法.分子方法的应用能更好地揭示卫氏并殖吸虫的流行病学和进化的特性,并能为该虫引起的疾病提供更为有效的诊断方法和防控手段.因此,该文概述了我国用于卫氏并殖吸虫分子鉴定和遗传进化的分子手段和方法.

Paragonimasis is one of the important food borne parasitic diseases in China.The causal agent is Paragonimus westermani,transmitted via freshwater crayfish or crabs,which can parasite in human tissues and organs and various other mammals to cause diseases.Our country is an important P.westermani distribution country,with 25 provinces （cities,districts） reported.In the taxonomic status of P.westermani,it is difficult to fully reveal the molecular diversity only depending on morphological techniques.Recently,the development of molecular biology techniques has great advantages to use a variety of molecular methods for identifying and classifying this trematode.The application of molecular genetic techniques will provide effective tools and methods to illustrate the biology,epidemiology and genetics of P.westermani.However,due to the significant difference in the sensitivity and specificity of molecular detection methods,as well as their time and cost,it needs to use appropriate methods depending on the study occasions.The application of molecular approaches may be better to reveal the epidemiological and evolutionary characteristics of P.westermani,and provide more effective diagnostic methods for the prevention and control of Paragonimus.So we review the molecular tools and methods of the molecular identification and genetic evolution of paragonimus in China.