雪豹的微卫星DNA遗传多样性

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Microsatellite DNA in Snow Leopard(Panthera uncia)

利用微卫星DNA标记，对来自青海囊谦县、治多县以及甘肃阿克塞县3个地区的36份雪豹（Pantherauncia）粪便DNA样品进行了遗传多样性研究。结果显示，在8个微卫星位点上共检测到57个等位基因，有效等位基因数为2．190～5．488，平均每个位点的等位基因数为7．130，基因频率分布不均匀；期望杂合度为0．543～0．847，平均0．759；多态信息含量为0．458～0．829，平均0．722；表明这8个微卫星位点均为高度多态性位点，有较丰富的遗传多样性。3个样地雪豹居群之间的遗传距离与地理距离相关，地理距离最近的青海省囊谦县和治多县的雪豹居群遗传距离最小。根据雪豹平均遗传分化度Fst（0．053）、平均基因流（4．488）以及STRUCTURE聚类分析结果（当K=1时，1nP（D）值最大），推测3个居群间虽然有一定的遗传距离，但均来自同一个种群，暂无分化现象。

The snow leopard （Panthera uncial） is a globally endangered and threatened species, and study on this species has been hampered due to its unique ecological characteristics and remote habitat. In the present study, putative snow leopard scats were collected from areas including Nangqian （Qinghai）, Zhiduo （Qinghai） and Akesai （Gansu）. A total of 36 snow leopard individuals, which were identified by mitochondrial DNA fragment （Cyt b） and microsatellite DNA markers, were used to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure by 8 microsatellite DNA loci （Table 1）. All the data were analyzed by the softwares including GenAlex, GENEPOP, POPGENE, FSTAT, MIGRATE and STRUCTURE. The index of genetic diversity on 8 microsatellite loci observed in 3 snow leopards＇ groups was showed in Table 2. A total of 57 alleles were detected, and the mean number of alleles （A） was 7.130. The effective number of alleles （Ne） ranged from 2.190 to 5.488, with uneven allelic frequency distribution. The expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.543 to 0.847, with an average value of 0.759. And the polymorphism information content （PIC） ranged from 0.458 to 0.829, with an average value of 0.722. All above data indicate that the selected microsatellite DNA markers are highly polymorphic loci with relatively rich genetic diversity in these snow leopard groups. Genetic distances are correlated with geographical distances among populations： the genetic distance of two snow leopards＇ groups in Qinghai is closer than that between Qinghai groups and Akesai （Gansu） group. The index of Fst （0.053）, the index of Nm （4.488） and the result from the Structure software （Fig. 1） showed that such 3 snow leopards＇ groups have not been divided and should be viewed as one population.