豆雁在中国的春季迁徙路线及迁徙停歇地

Spring Migration Route and Stopovers of Bean Goose(Anser fabalis) in China

掌握禽流感病毒携带者豆雁(Anser fabalis)的迁徙路线对于全面理解候鸟在禽流感疫情传播与扩散中的作用具有重要意义。2013年3月至4月在江西省鄱阳湖南矶山保护区,利用卫星跟踪法对3只豆雁个体的迁徙路线进行研究,仅有1只个体成功传输数据。数据经Google Earth和Excel软件处理后,结果显示:该只豆雁由江西鄱阳湖出发,途经安徽、江苏、山东、天津等省市到达河北秦皇岛,5月被发现死于山海关,迁徙总距离约1 500 km,有5个停歇地;两相邻停歇地之间最短距离为20 km,最长为700 km;停留时间最短为1 d,最长为14 d;约68%的停歇位点地物类型为农田;飞行高度平均值为15 m,最大值为407 m。

Migration route of the avian flu virus＇ carrier bean goose （Anserfabalis） was studied for better understanding of the role migratory birds play in the spreading of avian influenza. During March and April 2014 three healthy bean geese were armed with PTTs and tracked by satellite in the nature reserve of Nanji Mountain, Poyang Lake. Only one of them was successfully tracked. The data was processed using Google Earth and Excel. This bean goose migrated about 1 500 km from Poyang Lake in Jiangxi Province to Qinhuangdao in Hebei Province via other four provinces including Anhui, Jiangsu, Shandong and Tianjin and stopped at five stopovers along the way. The distances between two adjacent stopovers ranged from 20 km to 700 km （Fig. 1）. The rest duration in each stopover site ranged from one day to fourteen days. Surface feature of about 68% stop sites were distinguished to be farmland （Fig. 2）. Average flight altitude was 15 meters and the maximum record was 407 meters.