垄膜沟灌马铃薯测土施肥指标体系——以甘肃省张掖市山丹县为例

Soil Testing and Fertilization Recommendation Index System for Mulched Potato in Shandan County of Zhangye City,Gansu Province

[目的]确定施肥指标体系,为垄膜沟灌马铃薯提供精确的施肥配方。[方法]2007—2010年在甘肃省张掖市山丹县进行马铃薯＂3414＂田间肥效试验,分析不同土壤肥力水平下马铃薯土壤有效养分含量与相对产量的相关性,并依此确定土壤养分丰缺指标和推荐施肥量。[结果]将山丹县马铃薯田间土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量等级划分为低、较低、中、较高、高5级,对应推荐施氮量分别为〉225.7,193.3~225.7,117.2~193.3,161.0~177.2,〈161.0kg/hm2;推荐施磷量分别为〉164.3,146.5~164.3,137.6~146.5,128.6~137.6,〈128.6kg/hm2;推荐施钾量分别为〉166.8,149.7~166.8,141.1~149.7,132.5~141.1,〈132.5kg/hm2。经过150个示范点的调研分析发现,利用测土配方施肥技术增产率达9.8%,节约化肥67.5kg/hm2,节本506.3元/hm2,节本增效3 286.5元/hm2。[结论]垄膜沟灌马铃著测土配方施肥技术可以实现普遍增产和增效。

[Objective] To determine the fertilization index system and provide the precision tertilization formula for mulched potato system in Shandan County of Zhangye City, Gansu Province. [Methods] Four- teen field experiments were conducted in mulched potato system in Shandan County of Zhangye City, Gansu Province from 2007 to 2010. The relationship between the soil available nutrient content and the correspond- ing crop yield was established. [Results] The soils in Shandan County was classified into 5 different catego- ries such as the lowest, lower, medium, higher and the highest according to the content of alkali-ydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. Fertilizer application rate was recommended for each soil categories, such as 〉225. 7, 193. 3--225.7, 117. 2--193. 3, 161.0~177. 2 and〈161.0 kg/hm2 for nitrogen, 〉164.3, 146.5~164.3, 137.6~146.5, 128.6~137.6 and 〈128.6 kg/hm2 for phosphorus, 166.8, 149.7~166.8, 141.1~149.7, 132.5--141.1 and 〈132.5 kg/hm2 for potash. The new technologies can improve potato yield by 9.8%, save fertilizer by 67. 5 kg/hm2, reduce cost by 506.3 yuan/hm2, and increase economic profit by 3 286.5 yuan/hm2. [Conclusion] The technologies of soil testing and fertilization formula can improve potato yield and increase economic profit generally.