无核葡萄胚挽救苗的驯化及移栽技术

Preliminary Research on Prevention of Pollution in Embryo Rescue of Seedless Grapes

胚挽救技术是无核葡萄种质创新的重要途径之一,胚挽救苗从实验室移栽至大田的最终成活率直接影响无核葡萄的育种效率。试验以种子败育型(stenospermocarpy)无核葡萄品种为试材,从葡萄种类、胚挽救苗质量、移栽方法、基质种类和组成4个方面对葡萄胚挽救苗移栽成活率的影响进行了系统研究。结果表明,不同无核葡萄品种移栽成活率存在显著差异;选取健壮苗(根数≥3个,根长≥10cm,叶数≥6个,叶色深绿,茎高≥10cm,茎秆粗壮)进行炼苗移栽,可以显著提高无核葡萄胚挽救苗的成活率;蘸取浓度为200mg·kg-1的生根粉(ABT10)30s+培养室炼苗15d+温室炼苗15d的移栽方式较好;珍珠岩∶草炭∶园土=4∶1∶1作为移栽基质较好。初步探索出一套简单易行、实用高效的葡萄胚挽救苗优化配套移栽技术。

Embryo rescue technique is one of the important ways of seedless grape germplasm enhancement. However, the final transplanting survival rate of embryo rescue seedlings from the laboratory to the field is affected by many fac- tors, which directly affects the efficiency of seedless grapes breeding. With stenospermocarpy grape varieties as materi- als, the effects of grape variety, embryo rescue seedlings quality, transplanting method, matrix type and composition on the transplanting survival rate of grape embryo rescue seedlings were systematically studied in this paper. The re- sults showed that there were significant differences on the transplanting survival rate of grape embryo rescue seedlings between different varieties. The transplanting of robust seedlings could significantly improve thr survival rate of grape embryo rescue seedlings, The concentration of 200 mg· kg-1 of ABT10 was dipped for 30 s ＋ hardening for 15 d in culture chamber＋ hardening for 15d in transplanting greenhouse was the better way for enhancing transplanting sur- vival rate. perlite ： peat ： garden soil=4 ： 1 ： 1 was the better transplanting matrix. In this paper,we had initially ex- plored a set of simple, practical and efficient transplanting embryo rescue technique for seedless grape.