我国水务一体化制度保障体系的局限性及重构

Limitation and reconstruction of institutional security system of integrated water resource management in China

我国各地对待水务一体化的态度及具体实施模式不一,这与水务一体化制度保障体系不健全存在较大的关联性。我国已颁布了涉及"水务一体化"的国家政策,不少省市也出台了相关的地方性政策,但从法律法规层面来看,国家立法并未就"水务一体化"问题做出明确规定,除海南省、广州市外,其他省市地方立法均未直接规定"水务一体化"内容。由于相关立法前期研究尚不充分、中央机构设置与水务一体化不完全匹配,目前不宜贸然以国家立法方式强制推行水务一体化。建议近期我国已实施水务一体化的城市加强地方制度建设,但从长远来看,必须消除部门利益对政策制定的不当影响,一旦立法条件成熟,应以国家法律形式明确规定细致且具有可操作性的水务一体化制度。

The attitudes toward integrated water resource management(IWRM) and the enforcement modes in various areas of China are different,which has close relationship with the imperfect institutional security system. The policies concerning IWRM have been released, and the relevant local policies have been made in many provinces and cities in China.From the perspective of laws and regulations,IWRM has not been stipulated in the national laws. Except Hainan Province and Guangzhou City,there are no direct stipulations of IWRM in the local laws and regulations of other provinces and cities in China. It is not wise to adopt the national legislation right now to compulsorily promote IWRM in China, because the previous legislative research is not enough and the setting of central departments does not completely match IWRM. In the near future,those cities that have enforced IWRM should focus on their local institutional improvements. But in the long run,it is necessary to eliminate improper impacts of departmental benefits on policy-making in China. Once the legislative conditions are satisfied,operable stipulations concerning IWRM should be formulated in the national laws of China.