汉水中游西周考古遗存与早期楚国中心的探索

Archaeological Remains of Western Zhou Dynasty in the Middle Reaches of the Han River and the Center of Early Chu State

汉水中游即今襄阳地区,地形上分为南阳盆地、随枣走廊、襄宜平原、鄂西山地。经调查、勘探、发掘先后发现多处西周考古遗存,其中南阳盆地南部遗存属邓国;随枣走廊中西部遗存西周早中期属鄂国,西周晚期属曾(随)国,在周灭鄂后的时间曾短暂为楚所据;襄宜平原遗存或为典型楚文化的直接渊源;鄂西山地遗存性质难明。邓、鄂、曾(随)之位置的确定结合周昭王南征、清华简《楚居》的记述,基本界定了早期楚国中心从北往南迁徙并在西周晚期以襄宜平原为中心的发展过程。

The middle reaches of the Han River,namely Xiangyang administrative district,could be divided into Nanyang Basin,Suizhou- to- Zaoyang Corridor,Xiangyang- Yicheng Plain,and the Western Hubei mountainous region. Through a long time investigation,exploration and excavation,a number of archaeological remains of Western Zhou Dynasty were discovered in this area,among which the remains in southern Nanyang Basin belongs to Deng State,the remains in middle- and- west Suizhou- to- Zaoyang Corridor belongs to E State and Zeng（ or Sui） State in early- and- middle Western Zhou and late Western Zhou respectively,while this area was also occupied by Chu State temporarily after E State＇s being conquered by Zhou,the remains in Xiangyang- Yicheng Plain could be considered as the origin of typical Chu Culture,whereas the character of remains in Western Hubei mountainous region is still unclear. It could be concluded that the center of early Chu State was in Xiangyang- Yicheng Plain after moving southward,according to the location of the states Deng,E,Zeng（ or Sui）,combined with the record of King Zhao of Zhou＇s expedition to the south,and the study to Chapter Chuju in bamboo strip manuscripts collected by Tsinghua University.