新自由主义福利的拉美实践:智利养老保险改革策略的解析

Neo-liberal Welfare Theory in Latin America:Analysis on Chile's Pension Reform

智利养老保险改革是20世纪80年代世界范围内福利改革的重要尝试。通过这次带有新自由主义福利倾向的改革,使其成为"拉美模式"的代表性国家。在实践中,智利养老保险改革不但较为彻底的消除了原有体系中的隐患,而且实现了制度的平稳对接,因而其改革经验对拉美国家与发展中国家的福利转轨提供了借鉴价值。文章在仔细考察了智利养老保险改革的策略、经验与存在问题后认为,智利养老保险改革较好的适应了其政治、经济、社会背景,在制度体系改革、缴费改革、资金运营改革与制度转轨改革四个方面都体现了对新自由主义福利理论的实践探索,对其改革策略进行深入反思具有重要价值。

Chile＇s pension reform is one of the representatives of welfare reform in 20th century. Through neo - liberal welfare reform, it has become a ＂Latin American model＂ in the area of social welfare. In practice, Chile~ pension reform not only eliminates hidden dangers of the original system, but also connects with the former pension system smoothly, so its reform provides a practical value for the other Latin American countries and developing countries. After carefully examined the background, strategy and problems of Chile＇s pension reform, this article finds that Chile＇ s pension reform is better adapted to their political, economic, social background, and done excel- lent in four significant aspects called institutional system reform, paying reform, financial reform and transitional reform.