基于随机全倾向扰动的台风路径集合预报试验

ENSEMBLE PREDICTION EXPERIMENTS OF TYPHOON TRACK BASED ON THE STOCHASTIC TOTAL TENDENCY PERTURBATION

以GRAPES-TCM为试验模式设计3种集合方案对2011年9个台风进行109次72 h的路径集合预报试验。结果显示:在3种集合方案中,路径预报效果总体最好的是方案1,其路径平均绝对误差与台风移速、移向的总体偏差都最小;方案1和方案2的平均绝对误差与台风移速、移向的总体偏差都小于它们的控制预报的结果,集合预报表现出优于确定性预报的预报能力;与实况比较,3种集合方案预报的台风移向总体以偏右为主,台风移速在积分后期以偏慢为主;方案1的路径离散度最大,方案3最小,3种方案的集合离散度比其合理的离散度都明显偏小;与国内外8个业务数值模式的预报结果比较,方案1的路径预报优于除欧洲中心数值模式以外的7个业务模式的预报,表现出一定的业务应用价值。

The GRAPES-TCM is used to make ensemble prediction experiments for typhoon track. Three kinds of ensemble schemes are designed for the experiments. A total of 109 experiments are made for the nine typhoons in 2011 and the integral time is 72 h. The experiment results are shown as follows. In the three ensemble schemes, on the whole, scheme 1 has the best track prediction. Its average absolute track error and overall deviations of typhoon moving speed and moving direction are all the smallest in the three schemes. For both scheme 1 and scheme 2, they are all smaller than those of their control forecasts. Both of their ensemble predictions show superiority to their deterministic predictions. Overall, compared with the observations, the typhoon moving directions of the three schemes mainly skew to the right, and in late integration they mainly tend to be relatively slow. In the three schemes, the track dispersion of scheme 1 is the largest and that of scheme 3 the smallest. In scheme 1 it is much larger than in schemes 2 and 3. The difference of dispersion between scheme 2 and scheme 3 is small. The track dispersions of the three schemes are all much smaller than their rational dispersions. Compared with the eight domestic and overseas operational numerical weather prediction （NWP） models, scheme 1 has better predictions than the other seven operational models except ECMWF NWP model. Scheme 1 has the value of operational application.