冠状病毒反向遗传操作技术及其应用进展

Progress on the Technique and its Application of Reverse Genetics for Coronaviruses

冠状病毒广泛存于自然界中,人和多种动物均易感。虽然冠状病毒具有相对严格的宿主特异性,但是其广泛的宿主性及其自身基因组的结构特性使得该病毒在进化过程中极易发生基因重组和突变,新型冠状病毒在此过程中不断出现。近年来,反向遗传学技术的发展为冠状病毒跨种属传播及致病机制、疫苗以及抗病毒药物的研发开辟了新的思路。对冠状病毒反向遗传操作技术的进展及其应用现状进行了简要综述与展望。

Coronaviruses （CoVs） are a large family of viruses which threaten the health of humans and many animal species. Even though CoVs have high host specificity, novel subtype of CoVs emerge constantly due to their wide rang hosts and their special gene replication and transcription mechanisms. Currently the priority is to strengthen the research in pathogenesis and transmission mechanisms, as well as to develop vaccine and antiviral drugs. Recently, the applications of reverse genetics（RV） open up a new way for research of genomic functions of CoVs and development of novel vaccines against CoVs. The progress and application of different RV platforms developed for CoVs were focused, and the prospective aspects in the application of RV for CoVs were also discussed.