壳寡糖对旱薄地花生叶片衰老及产量和品质的影响

Effect of Spraying Oligochitosan on Leaf Senescence,Yield and Quality of Arachis hypogaea on Barren Dryland

在旱薄地条件下,以小花生品种‘花育20号’(HY20)和大花生品种‘花育22号’(HY22)为实验材料,研究叶面喷施不同浓度壳寡糖[0mg·kg-1(T0)、50mg·kg-1(T1)、100mg·kg-1(T2)、200mg·kg-1(T3)]对叶片衰老、荚果产量和籽仁品质的影响。结果表明:(1)壳寡糖处理均显著提高了旱薄地花生饱果期叶片叶绿素含量和保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,降低了MDA含量,并显著提高了2个品种的单株结果数、饱果率和荚果产量。(2)壳寡糖处理降低了HY20的籽仁蛋白质含量却提高了其脂肪含量,但提高了HY22的籽仁蛋白质和脂肪含量,且T1处理对HY20的油酸/亚油酸(O/L)比值提高幅度较大,而T2处理对HY22的O/L值提高幅度较大。研究认为,在生产实际中用50mg·kg-1壳寡糖叶面喷施品种‘花育20号’(HY20)、用100mg·kg-1壳寡糖叶面喷施品种‘花育22号’(HY22)时,2个品种的籽仁产量、蛋白质和脂肪产量均最高,可达到花生生产的高产优质高效。

A barren dryland cultivation experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014to study the effects of spraying oligochitosan on leaf senescence,pod yield and kernel quality using‘Huayu20＇（HY20）and‘Huayu22＇（HY22）as materials.Devised 4oligochitosan concentrations are 0 mg·kg-1（T0）,50 mg·kg-1（T1）,100mg·kg-1（T2）and 200mg·kg-1（T3）,respectively.The results showed that：（1）Spraying different concentrations of oligochitosan significantly increased chlorophyll content and SOD,POD,CAT activities,reduced the content of MDA of leaf at pod filling stage.Spraying oligochitosan significantly increased the pod yield by improving the pod number per plant and single pod weight.（2）Different concentrations of oligochitosan all improved the fat content but reduced the protein content of HY20,while improved the protein and fat content of HY22 at the same time.When the concentration of oligochitosan was 50mg·kg-1,it could significantly improve the O/L（oleic acid/linoleic acid）radio of HY20.The relative contentof oleic acid was dramatically improved and the linoleic acid content sharply reduced for HY22,when the concentration of oligochitosan was 100mg·kg-1.Comprehensive showed that the most suitable concentration of oligochitosan to HY20 was 50mg·kg-1 and to HY22 was 100mg·kg-1 in barren dryland and the yield could be significantly increased and the kernel quality be also improved.