蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区蛾类群落生态位特征

Niche characteristics of moth community in Manghe National Nature Reserve

为了解山西蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区蛾类群落与环境资源的相互关系,采用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠指数对山西蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区蛾类群落结构和生态位进行分析。结果表明:在本保护区内采集蛾类标本隶属24科,其中螟蛾科、夜蛾科、卷蛾科和尺蛾科为优势类群;该保护区内主要蛾类的时间生态位宽度高于空间生态位宽度,各类群间存在程度不同的生态位重叠现象,其中尺蛾科和螟蛾科的时间生态位重叠指数(0.913)和空间生态位重叠指数(0.852)均高于其他类群;天蛾科和舟蛾科时间生态位重叠指数(0.772)也较高,但其空间生态位重叠指数(0.218)却较低;除天蛾科与毒蛾科时间生态位相似性系数(0.247)、天蛾科与大蚕蛾科(0.258)和舟蛾科与天蛾科(0.226)空间生态位相似性系数较小外,大多蛾类类群间生态位相似性系数均较大。说明蟒河猕猴国家级自然保护区主要蛾类群落之间生态位竞争较激烈。

To evaluate the relationship between moth community and environmental resources in Manghe National Nature Reserve, Shanxi Province, the niche and composition of moth communi- ty from different habitats were analyzed by using Levins niche breadth and Pianka niche overlap indexes. The results indicated that the moth specimens collected in the Reserve belong to 24 families, among which Pyralidae, Noetuidae, Tortricoidae and Geometridae are the dominant groups. The breadth of temporal niche was higher than that of spatial niche for moths and the degree of niche overlap varied with different groups. The temporal niche overlap value （0.913） and spatial niche overlap value （0.852） of Geometridae and Pyralidae were higher than those of the other communities. The temporal niche overlap value （0.772） of Sphingidae and Notodontidae was relatively high, but the spatial niche overlap value （0.218） was low. Except that the coefficient of temporal niche similarity between Sphingidae and Lymantriidae （0.247） and the coefficients of spatial niche similarity between Sphingidae and Saturniidae （0.258） and between Notodontidae and Sphingidae （0.226） were low, the coefficients of niche similarity among other groups of moths were relatively high. These results suggested the intense niche competition among main moth groups in the Reserve.