草地植被生物量动态研究视角与研究方法评述

A review on the research perspectives and methods for grassland vegetation biomass dynamics

草地生物量动态是群落结构和功能的综合体现,也是生态学的重要研究方向。本文就影响草地生物量动态的主要干扰因素进行了阐述。从定性论述和定量证明两方面论证了个体动态与种群动态的关系。就生物量的测定指标与估算方法提出了复合生物量与复合生长动态的新概念,并阐述了复合生物量动态对群落生产力及稳定性的影响机制,指出应加强环境因子干扰对生物量动态及植被稳定性影响的研究,针对具体群落面临的主要限制因子或干扰形式,研究层面应深入到对群落内部生物学生态学过程变化的认识上,而研究的状态变量应涉及到生物量和高度等多个变量的综合作用,即以复合生物量为状态变量,从个体水平上认识和揭示种群、群落生物量的动态变化及其与环境因子的关系,有助于深入了解环境干扰对植物群落动态及其稳定性的影响机制,为草地生产力的维持提供理论依据。

Grassland biomass dynamics is a comprehensive reflection of community structure and function,and also an important research direction of ecology. The main interference factors that affect the grassland biomass dynamics were described and the relationships between the individual and population dynamics from qualitative and quantitative respects were demonstrated in this paper. The new concepts of composite biomass and composite growth dynamics based on the measurement indicators and estimation methods were given here,which may explain the influencing mechanism of the composite biomass dynamics for community productivity and stability. The research efforts on the interference effects of environmental factors on biomass dynamics and vegetation stability should be strengthened. In terms of major limiting factors or interference forms faced by specific communities,the research should cover the inner biological and ecological changes of the communities. The state variables studied should consider the comprehensive effects of multiple variables such as biomass and height. Revealing population and community biomass dynamic changes and their relationship with environmental factors at the individual level contributes to understanding the influencing mechanisms of environmental disturbances for plant community dynamics and stability,and thus providing a theoretical basis for the maintenance of grassland productivity.