中国草地生态系统模拟增温实验的综合比较

A comprehensive review of warming experiments of grassland ecosystem in China

近年来,全球增温对陆地生态系统的影响成为科学家研究的热点之一。草地生态系统是最重要的陆地生态系统之一,故研究草地生态系统对增温的响应尤为重要。本文通过对近10年国内外研究文献的回顾,论述了陆地生态系统增温实验的发展及其在中国草地生态系统的应用,从植物种群、群落、土壤、草地生态功能及动物等方面综合分析了增温对我国高寒草甸、亚高山草甸、羊草草甸、荒漠草原等不同草地类型的影响。结果表明,短期增温有利于草甸区禾本科植物的生长;在植物的不同生长时期增温对地上生物量的重要性存在差异;增温会改变植物的整体物候,显著降低羊草草甸土壤湿度;适度增温可以增加土壤微生物生物量碳、氮,促进高寒草甸土壤碳、磷循环。在此基础上,提出了将来应着重研究的几个科学问题。

The influence of global warming on terrestrial ecosystems has been one of the hot topics of scientific research in recent years. Grassland ecosystem is one of the most important terrestrial ecosystems and the research on responses of grassland ecosystems to global warming is particularly important. In this paper,the development of warming experiments in terrestrial ecosystems and its application in grassland ecosystems in China were discussed through reviewing the research findings in recent 10 years. Then the effects of global warming on subalpine meadow,alpine meadow,Leymus chinensis meadow and desert grassland in China were analyzed in respects of plant species and community,soil,ecological function and animals. The results showed that short-term warming would benefit the growth of gramineous plants in meadows,while the importance of warming on plant biomass varied with the stage of plant growth. Warming would change the whole phenology of the plants and significantly reduce the soil moisture of L. chinensis meadow. Moderate climate warming could increase soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen and enhance the recycling of soil carbon and phosphorus in alpine meadow. Based on the discussions,several scientific issues for future research were put forward.