概念观照与非宾格、非作格动词的语义基础

Construal and the semantic basis of unaccusative and unergative verbs

以往研究从施事性和有界性两个角度概括非宾格和非作格动词的语义基础。在以哪个标准为主方面,学者们的看法各不相同。此外,这两个标准存在冲突,动词根据一个标准是非作格,根据另一个标准是非宾格,或者相反。本文指出,之所以提出两个互相冲突的标准,是因为以往研究没有在更高层面上概括出非宾格、非作格动词的语义。在认知语法的框架下,本文认为不管从哪个标准出发,非宾格动词和非作格动词的语义都可以归结为Langacker所提出两种观察事件的视角的对立,即绝对概念观照(absolute construal)和能量概念观照(energetic construal)。

Previous studies approach the meaning of unaccusative and unergative verbs from the perspective of agentivity and telicity. Scholars differ as to which of the two perspectives should predominate. Besides, the two perspectives contradict in that a verb is supposed to be unaccusative according to one, and unergative according to the other, or vice versa. The existence of two conflicting standards, this paper believes, is due to the failure of previous accounts to capture the meaning of unaccusativity at a sufficiently high level. Within the framework of Cognitive Grammar, the present paper argues that whether defined by agentivity or telicity the meaning of unaccusative and unergative verbs can be reduced to what Langacker terms as two different ways of conceptualizing events, i.e. absolute construal and energetic construal.