对双主句句法和语义特性的“原则-参数”分析

On the syntax and semantics of double-subject sentences: A principles and parameters approach

双主句是东亚和东南亚语言中的一种常见句式,是基于非宾格动词的增元结构。双主句的大主语与小主语之间有领属关系,但与动词没有直接语义关系,是新增论元;双主句中的动词一般为非宾格动词,其投射的VP所表达的事件与其新增论元之间的语义关系可由轻动词APPLINVOLVE表示。双主句的句法和语义特性及相关跨语言差异可以在普遍语法的"原则―参数"理论框架内得到合理的解释,该分析框架主要包括三项原则(非宾格假设、单向成分统制和语段封闭原则)和一项参数(APPLINVOLVE)。

Double-subject sentences, commonly found in East and Southeast Asian languages, are analyzable as applicative constructions based on unaccusative verbs. The major subject of a double-subject sentence has a possessor-possessee relationship with its minor subject, but is not directly related to the verb. It is an applied argument of the verb heading the subject-predicate phrase. The verb is unaccusative and the projected VP is related to the major subject via the light verb APPLINVOLVE. The syntactic and semantic properties of doublesubject sentences and the associated cross-linguistic differences can find a natural explanation in a UG framework on the basis of three principles(i.e. Unaccusativity Hypothesis, asymmetrical C-Command and Phase Impenetrability Condition) and a parameter(i.e. APPLINVOLVE).