中外跨国公司国际竞争力的比较研究

The Comparative Studies of Chinese and Foreign MNCs' International Competition

文章构建了包括规模优势、行业分布、经营效率、要素控制和跨国程度5个维度的指标体系,对中外跨国公司国际竞争力进行实证研究。结果显示,世界跨国公司的"金字塔"结构明显,在新兴经济体跨国公司群体中,中国跨国公司优势明显,但与发达国家跨国公司相比,中国跨国公司仍存在较大差距。从总体来看,中国跨国公司规模优势明显,但经营绩效的行业差异较大,跨国化程度较低,属于内向型的跨国公司;其跨国经营能力弱,控制的高端要素少,仍居于全球产业分工的低端,国际竞争力有待提升。

This paper constructs five dimensions for comparing domestic and foreign MNCs' international competition.The five dimensions of MNCs' international competition are scale advantage,industrial iistribution,operational efficiency,factor control and multinational degree.My research shows that Chinese MNCs win out over most of the competitors from emerging economies,but lag behind other MNCs from advanced economies.Chinese MNCs' competitiveness is their scale advantage.The operational efficiency is significantly different cross different industries.And the multinational degree is lower than most MNCs from advanced economies.Chinese MNCs' are still very self-sufficient.Chinese MNCs' hold limited high-end factors and are hence placedat the lower end of the global value chain.In summary,Chinese MNCs must upgrade their international competitiveness urgently and strategically.This paper illustrates the pyramid structure of global MNCs.