塞拉麦涅斯与公元前5世纪末的雅典政治

Theramenes and the Athenian Politics in the late 5^(th) Century B.C.

公元前5世纪末是雅典乃至希腊历史上的多事之秋,雅典内忧外患,政变频仍,诸派政治力量明争暗斗,情况错综复杂。塞拉麦涅斯无疑是其间雅典政坛上最重要、最关键的人物之一。在传统寡头贵族势力遭到沉重打击、公民集体内部诸派力量对比发生重大变化的情况下,塞氏主要代表工商业者集团的利益,立足雅典国家的根本或长远利益,积极参与或主导多次政变,力图通过非法手段执掌政权,再以合法的举措"托古改制",以期扩大雅典兵源,缓解财政危机,维护城邦的独立。塞氏的政策拥有广泛的群众基础,赢得雅典历史上"最优秀的政治家之一"的称誉。

The 5 century B.C.was a troublesome time in the history of Athens and even the entire Greek world.Athens was afflicted by the internal and external crises,and frequent coups,and the situation was perplexed by the overt or covert conflicts among the different factions.Theramenes was indubitably one of the most significant figures in the political arena of Athens at the time of diminished oligarchy and volatile political environment.He basically stood for the interest of craftsmen and businessmen,and concerned himself with the fundamental and long-term benefit of the city-state.In order to increase the military recruitment,solve the financial crisis,and maintain the independence of Athens,he participated in and initiated several coups,usurped political powers,and then implemented legal 'rehabilitations'.His policies were championed by the people,thus he was justly considered as 'one of the best politicians' in the history of Athens.