查尔斯·比尔德的美国外交史学述论

On Charles A.Beard's Historiography on the History of American Diplomacy

对美国外交史的研究是查尔斯·比尔德史学成就的重要组成部分。他对美国历史上的国家利益观念及其实践进行了梳理和归纳,得出了国际主义外交路线与美国国家利益相悖的结论。在此基础上,他提出了"大陆主义"的国家利益观和外交路线,主张放弃国际主义和干涉主义,专事"国内门户开放"。源于对美国宪政民主制度遭到破坏的担忧,比尔德对富兰克林·罗斯福的外交政策大加挞伐。比尔德的外交史学开创了美国外交史学的进步主义传统。知识论层面的宏观性和意识形态层面的激进性,是比尔德进步主义外交史学的两大特征,并赋予其纯粹学术研究之外的广泛社会意义和现实意义。

studies on the history of American diplomacy were very important in the historiography of Charles A.Beard.He reflected on ideas and practices of American national interest in different eras,concluding that internationalism was incompatible with state benefits.Moreover,he proposed 'continentalism',an alternative view and corresponding foreign policy,which called for the abandon of internationalism and interventionism.He also censured the 1930s' foreign policies of the Roosevelt government,as he believed that such policies would result in the collapse of American democracy.Beard's historiography initiated the progressive tradition in the study of history among American historians.It was characterized by epistemological extensiveness and ideological radicalness,which bestowed the academic research with social and practical significance.