白头鹤人工孵化及雏鸟生长发育的研究

Artificial Incubation and Nestling Growth of Hooded Crane

1990~2014年,对齐齐哈尔龙沙公园和哈尔滨动物园的体况健康、繁殖多年已配对白头鹤所产的44枚卵进行人工孵化及育幼。结果得出：白头鹤孵化前中期,温度严格控制在（37.8±0.1）℃,湿度在45%~50%。到孵化后期温度控制为36.5℃~37℃,湿度为50%~60%;雏鹤在30日龄时日进食量可达580 g,在20~50日龄之间体重增长速度最快,平均日增重48.75 g,代谢能在20日龄后一直保持900~1 200 kCal/g水平,70日龄时最高,为1 128.25 kCal,饲料中蛋白质含量在10%~15%范围内,脂肪含量在4%~6%范围,钙、磷含量分别为0.3%~0.5%和0.1%~0.3%范围内。硒元素量所占日饲料量的比例在早期较高,30日龄以后占总饲料量的11%左右。白头鹤雏鸟的各生长发育曲线呈＂S＂形,符合Logistic生长曲线,体重、体长、翅长和尾长在30日龄后出现拐点,嘴锋和跗蹠在20日龄左右出现拐点。

From 1990 to 2014, 44 eggs of hooded crane（ Grus monacha） were artificially incubated and the nestlings were hand reared. The eggs were laid by healthy breeding pairs at Qiqihaer Longsha Park and Harbin Zoo that had laid eggs for years. In the early and middle hatching peri- ods, temperature should be strictly 37. 8 ± 0.1℃, and humidity at 45 to 50 percent. In the late incubation temperature should be 36. 5℃-37℃±, and humidity at 50%-60%. Food intake of cranes at 30 days of age was up to 580 g. Weight gain was fastest between 20 to 50 days old, with an average of 48. 75 g/day. Metabolism maintained at 900 to 1 200 kCal/g after 20 days old, and the highest was 1 128. 25 kCal/g at 70 daysold. Dietary protein ranged from 10%-16%, fat content ranged from 4%-6%, dietary calcium and phosphorus accounted for about 0.3% ~ 0.5% and 0. 1% - 0. 3%, respectively. Selenium was higher during the early feeding period, and accounted for 11% after birds were 30 days old. Various indicators of growth and development plotted in an ＂S＂ shaped curve, indicating logistic growth. Weight, body length, wing length and tail length showed inflection points after one month, bill and tarsus growth showed inflection points at about 20 days old.