汉代中常侍考论

Verifying the Official Position of“Zhang Chang Shi”in Han Dynasty

汉承秦制,设中常侍。元、成之后中常侍为加官,因"得入禁中",与皇帝关系十分密切,有代宣皇帝诏命、代表皇帝责问大臣的权力,事实上中常侍是皇帝意志的代表。东汉初,光武帝参用士人、宦官。和熹邓太后以女主称制,改用宦官为中常侍,其权力进一步扩大,甚至左右皇帝的废立和皇位的继承,对东汉的政治造成十分恶劣的影响。

Inheriting its predecessor＇s official system, the Han Dynasty established a position called ＂Zhong Chang Shi＂, whose occupant, the monarch＇s confidant, was entitled to the privilege of feeling free to come and go to the imperial residence and the right to announce imperial edicts and scold the of- ficials on the monarch＇s behalf. In a sense, ＂Zhong Chang Shi＂ represented the monarch＇s will. In the early Han Dynasty, Emperor Guang Wu appointed Scholars and eunuchs as Zhong Chang Shi. Af- ter Empress Deng （He Xi） came to power, this position started to be monopolized by eunuchs, which strengthened its power even to exert influence on the Emperors＇ accession, abolition and succession. Gradually, the politics of East Han Dynasty was shrouded with a negative atmosphere.