高水平足球运动员比赛表现标准化档案的创建

Establishing Normative Profiles of High-level Football Players' Match Performance

体育比赛表现分析中的标准化档案(Normative Profiles)是指一套可以直接用来评定和比较球员或球队在比赛中的各项(或某几项)体能指标(如心率、跑动距离等)、技战术指标(如传球、射门等)特征的图表或文档。本研究以皇家马德里足球俱乐部的10名运动员在2011-2012赛季西班牙足球甲级联赛中的13项比赛技战术表现指标为研究对象,采取标准化分数转换的数理统计方法,将标准化之后的每个运动员的各项指标的均值、小四分位数和大四分位数投到同一雷达图内,建立了同一球员、不同位置球员和同一(或类似)位置不同球员的比赛技战术行为标准化档案,并阐述了各类档案的意义与实践价值。对自身球队进行标准化档案创建,可以为运动员、教练员对自身的表现提供直观而及时的反馈;而对将来的对手球队进行档案创建,则可以运用于探测对手的优势与劣势;进而对教练员评估本队运动员状态、制定相对的训练计划和比赛技战术提供有效而科学的指导作用。

In the field of sport performance, normative profile could be defined as a chart or file that could be used to evaluate or/and compare all （or some）match performance indicators of different players and teams. Employing the standard-score transferring and radar-chart plotting method, the current study intended to use the match performance statistics of 13 technical and tactical indicators of 10 players from Real Madrid during the season 2011 -2012 to establish normative profiles of individual players, different players from distant or similar positions, and discussed the impli- cates and significanees of these profiles. Setting up this kind of profile for the own team can provide prompt feedback to players and coaches and could be used as guidance to improve players＇ performances and to assess players＇ status; setting up profiles of upcoming opponents can help coaches and players know the strengths and weaknesses of the oppositions ,thus they can carry out proper training programs and make appropriate match strategies.