留守儿童身体健康影响因素研究

Study on the Influence Factors of the Health of Leftbehind Children

运用实地调查和数理统计等研究方法,对贫困农村地区留守儿童身体健康进行调研,揭示留守儿童与非留守儿童之间的身体健康差异,系统分析父母外出务工对儿童身体健康的影响,找出影响留守儿童身体健康的关键中介因素和路径。结果显示,留守儿童和非留守儿童在生长发育、营养状况及常见病患病上差异不大,但其短期身体健康状况显著差于非留守儿童,四周患病风险前者是后者的1.55倍;父母外出务工对儿童身体健康产生负面影响,通过增加劳动负担、疏离与孩子的亲密关系和延长打工年限,进一步加大留守儿童与非留守儿童之间的身体健康差异。照顾者与孩子不太亲密和劳动负担重,分别使留守儿童的四周患病风险提高213%和108%。留守儿童四周患病风险随父母打工年限的增加而升高,4年后开始缓慢下降。

This paper investigated the influence of the parents working away from hometown on the health of left-behind children in poor rural areas of the west of Guangdong through field investigation and means of mathematical statistics. The purpose of this study was to find the difference of health between left-behind children and un-left-behind children and the important mediating factors and ways of parents working away from hometown on the health of leftbehind children. The results showed that there were no significant differences of growth and development,nutritional status and incidence of common diseases between left-behind children and un-left-behind children. And the health of left-behind children in a short term（ four weeks）was worse significantly than un-left-behind children and the risk of disease of the former for four weeks was 1. 55 times higher than the latter. There was more significant difference of the health between left-behind children and un-left-behind children because left-behind children＇s parents increased their burden,alienated them and distant relationships increased the risk of disease and extended working time. A heavy burden of labor for four weeks of left-behind children by 213% and 108% respectively. The risk of disease for four weeks of left-behind children increased with waging time of their parents extending and decreased slowly after four years.