新农保进城了?——城乡居民养老保险并轨之收入分配效应研究

Does the New Rural Endowment Insurance go into Town?——Study on Income Distribution Effect of Urban and Rural Residents Endowment Insurance System

我国养老保险统筹层次过多,城乡及行业差距极大,导致收入分配差距逆向拉大。诸多层次的养老保险中,新型农村养老保险保障水平最低,城镇居民养老保险次之。2014年初,国家合并了城镇居民养老保险和新型农村养老保险,统一建立城乡居民养老保险制度。这对于打破养老保险碎片化,提高养老保险的统筹层次及促进人才流动有一定的积极意义。然而,这一举措并未扩大受保障主体的覆盖面,不能改变城乡居民养老保险长期以来面临的保障水平不高,基金监管不到位,缴费积极性不高等问题,对缩小城乡收入分配差距并无显著的积极影响。城乡居民养老保险待遇的提高最终必须依赖国家财政的大力投入,建立完善的基金监管机制,以及树立公众的缴费信心。

It is the excessive levels of pension insurance and the gap between urban and rural areas that lead to the reverse widening gap in income distribution.Among many levels of pension insurance,the new rural endowment insurance is a minimum level and the urban residents endowment insurance followed by.The new rural endowment insurance and the urban residents endowment insurance were incorporated by government in early 2014;then a unified urban and rural endowment insurance was established.It is positive for breaking pension fragmentation and improving the overall level of pension and promoting the flow of talents.However,this measure doesn＇t expand the coverage of protected subject,can＇t enhance the level of protection of the urban and rural residents,even does not solve any other problems,such as fund regulation,payment enthusiasm,and so on;so it can＇t narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.Improving urban and rural residents pension benefits must ultimately rely on state finance invest heavily to establish a sound regulatory mechanism fund,as well as to establish public confidence in payment.