国学的困境与前景——关于国学学科地位的讨论

The Dilemma and Future of Chinese Classics

本文从学科的角度讨论"国学"问题。国学的概念从诞生之日起就与西式的学科形成冲突。近百年来,有人认为国学可以纳入西方的学科体系,另有人坚持国学的独特性,主张应当完全或部分保持自己的体系。本文认为,国学的现实困境在于,第一,被"肢解"的国学是阻碍国学发展的一个重大因素;第二,西式的学科制度是我们今天基本的制度之一,难以逆转;第三,我们现行的学科管理制度又过于刚性,使得前两个因素陷入僵局。从发展前景看,一旦现行的刚性学科制度有所淡化和弱化,国学或其他新的知识将会有一个灵活的发展空间,从而有望走出困境。

Chinese Classics, which has been in conflict with modern western disciplinary system nearly one century, is discussed in this paper from the perspective of academic administration. There are two opposed viewpoints on whether Chinese Classics can be partially or completely brought into western disciplinary system. Chinese Classics is in actual predicament because of three facts. Firstly, Chinese Classics is impeded by its dismembered concepts. Secondly, western disciplinary system is one of our fundamental systems, which is difficult to reverse. Thirdly, the current subject administration system is so rigid to make the two former facts in stalemate. But from the prospects, Chinese Classics or other new disciplines will win flexible development space and get out of dilemma once the current inflexible disciplinary system become flexible.