六年制农村小学教师培养模式:背景、特质及构建策略

The Training Mode of Six-year Undergraduate Rural Primary School Teachers: Background, Characteristics and Construction Strategies

我国小学教师教育历经一个多世纪的风雨沧桑,成就了百年辉煌。然而,在小学教师教育转型过程中,出现了生源质量普遍下降、师范性日益削弱、学生可塑性欠缺、毕业生不愿下基层等弊端。为此,湖南省率先启动了六年制本科农村小学教师公费定向培养计划。六年制本科作为一种全新的培养体制,具有入学条件严、学制设置长、学生年龄小、学历层次高和优惠政策多等特质和优势。其构建策略是:明确"一专多能"的培养目标,设置"六年一贯"的课程方案,培养"服务农村"的专业情意,实施"自主发展"的评价机制,创新"二四分段"的管理模式。

The primary school teacher education in our country has experienced more than a century of vicissitudes of life and has achieved a huge success. However, in the transformation of primary school teacher education, there exist some disadvantages the deteriorating enrollment quality, the increasingly weakening normal nature, the lack of student plasticity, graduate being reluctant to go to grass - roots. Hunan province has pioneered the plan of orientation training. Six-year undergraduate education is a new kind of training system, which has the traits and the advantages of strict admission conditions, the long school system, younger students, higher education level and more preferential policies. Its construction strategies are： making clear the training objectives of students, who have one major but can master many skills, setting up the course plan, which can work six years consistently, cultivating the professional feelings of serving rural areas, operating the evaluation mechanism of independent development and innovating the management mode, which is different in their first two studying years and last four years.