湖南省国家湿地公园发展状况及空间分布格局

Study on development status quo and spatial distribution characteristics of national wetland park in Hunan province

选取湖南省32家国家湿地公园样本,利用地理统计模型和GIS空间分析方法,对湖南省国家湿地公园发展现状和空间分布特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)湖南省国家湿地公园发展迅速,其获批试点的国家湿地公园数量达32家,位居全国第3位;(2)湖南省国家湿地公园空间分布不平衡,总体上集中分布在环洞庭湖区域,呈现"东北多,西北少,西部和南部较多,中部较少"的格局;从地市分布看,处于前4位的常德、邵阳、益阳和岳阳数量占到全省的50.0%,而娄底和湘潭仅占全省的1.55%,张家界没有国家湿地公园;从三级流域看,主要分布在洞庭湖环湖区、湘江衡阳以上、湘江衡阳以下;(3)湖南省国家湿地公园分布的热点区域为环洞庭湖区域,在环洞庭湖的东南部和西北部各形成1个高密度热点区;(4)湖南省国家湿地公园主要分布在海拔40 m以下的区域,与湖南省湿地资源沿海拔的分布情况大体一致;(5)单位国土面积拥有国家湿地公园数量较多的地市分别是益阳、岳阳、长沙和常德,每百万人拥有国家湿地公园数量最多的地市是益阳,相关分析表明国家湿地公园与国土面积相关性不高(r=0.52),但与人口总数相关性相对较高(r=0.78),说明人口越密集的区域,人民群众对国家湿地公园的需求越来越强烈。

By using geo-statistical models and GIS spatial analysis methods, the development status quo and spatial distribution characteristics of national wetland parks in Hunan Province were analyzed through selecting 32 national wetland parks as the studied samples. The results shows that：（1）The national wetland parks in Hunan Province have got rapid development, the numbers that were approved to begin pilot work reached 32, ranking the third place in China.（2）The spatial distribution of national wetland parks appeared uneven, as a whole, they distribute in a concentrated state around Dongting Lake, presenting the pattern of ＂many on northeast, little on northwest, more on west and south, but less in the middle＂; Seeing it from the corner of prefecture-level city, the total national wetland park numbers of Changde, Shaoyang, Yiyang and Yueyang which ranked the top four and accounted for 50.0% of the whole province parks, however, Loudi and Xiangtan took up only 1.55%, and there are no national wetland parks in Zhangjiajie city; From the point of three-order basin, the national wetland parks in Hunan Province mainly spread along the region around Dongting Lake, Xiangjiang River Hengyang upstream, and Xiangjiang River Hengyang downstream.（3）The spatial distribution hot spot regions of the national wetland parks distributed long Dongting Lake region, on the southeast and northwest along Dongting Lake region, both formed one high density hot zone.（4）The national wetland parks mostly scatter below 40 meters elevation, largely consistent with the along elevation distribution of wetland resources in Hunan Province, expressing that the wetland resources is the foundation to decide the project application and construction for the national wetland parks.（5）The prefecture-level cities which own more national wetland parks within unit land area are Yiyang, Yueyang, Changsha, and Changde, respectively. Furthermore, the prefecture-level city which owns the most national wetland parks for per million populations is Yiyang City. The correlation analysis embodies that the correlation between the national wetland parks and land area is not high（r=0.52）, but the correlation with total population is relatively higher（r=0.78）, demonstrating that the more population, the more requirements to the national wetland parks.