杉木第一代种子园自由授粉子代表型性状的多样性

Phenotypic genetic diversity of open-pollinated progenies of first generation Chinese fir seed orchard

杉木是我国南方最重要的乡土针叶树种之一,广泛分布于我国亚热带的南方17个省区,经长期的自然选择和人工选择,不同产地的杉木个体在表型性状方面存在不同程度的变异。项目组对不同育种世代种子园自由授粉子代表型性状的多样性进行了研究。其中,对杉木第一代种子园自由授粉子代表型性状多样性分析表明,杉木第一代种子园自由授粉子代的生长、结实、形质等表型性状存在较为丰富的变异,表型性状在家系间的差异均达显著或极显著水平。通过主成分分析和聚类分析,当距离阀值为3.5时,63个家系明显地被划分为4大类,当距离阀值为2.5时,可以进一步细分为8个亚类。第1大类包括14个家系,以来自湖北的家系为主;第2大类包括17个家系,以来自湖南和贵州的家系为主;第3大类包括17个家系,以来自广东和福建的家系为主;第4大类包括15个家系,以来自福建的家系为主。家系的分类与家系的地理分布基本一致,说明根据表型性状对杉木第一代种子园自由授粉子代家系进行分类是可行的。家系的分类将为杉木优良材料的选择、育种群体的构建、人工控制授粉以及长期遗传改良策略的制定提供参考。根据分类结果,对家系的变异系数进行合并后求平均值,发现不同类和亚类的变异系数值相差较大,不同亚类变异系数的变化范围为16.2%-24.8%。来自湖北咸宁家系的变异系数较大,来自福建三明和建阳家系的变异系数较小。

The phenotypic diversity of the first generation of Chinese fir seed orchard pollination progeny was investigated. The results were as follows. There were significant or very significant differences among progenies in growth traits, seed production and tree form traits, and the phenotypic variation was abundant. Through principal component analysis and cluster analysis, sixty three families were obviously divided into four main groups when the distance threshold was 3.5, and were subdivided into eight sub-groups when the distance threshold was 2.5. The first main group included 14 families, which mainly came from Hubei province; the second main group included 17 families, which mainly came from Hunan and Guizhou provinces; the third main group included 17 families, which came from Guangdong and Fujian provinces; the fourth main group includes 15 families, which came from Fujian provinces. The classification of families was in some degree consistent with the geographical distribution of families, which indicated it is feasible for the classification of the first generation Chinese fir seed orchard pollinated progenies based on phenotypic traits. Pedigree classification would be useful for genetic material selection, breeding populations building, artificial hybrid seeding and long-term genetic improvement strategy. According to the classification results, there were lager differences among main groups and sub-groups in the averages of the variation coefficients, and the variation coefficients ranged from 16.2% - 24.8%. The variation coefficient families from Xianning of Hubei were more larger than others, and Sanming and Jianyang of Fujian were relatively small.