10个引种核桃品种嫁接成活率及苗期生长性状研究

Study on grafting survival rate and seedling stage growth traits of ten introduced walnut varieties

以1年生铁核桃Juglans siggillata苗和1年生新疆核桃Juglans regia实生苗作砧木,试验研究10个国外引种核桃品种和2个本地核桃(对照)品种嫁接成活率的差异性和对1年生嫁接苗苗高和地径的定株、定期观测数据进行综合分析,采用Logistic生长曲线方程对其生长过程进行拟合和样本聚类,分析苗高和地径生长动态规律。结果表明:(1)采用1年年生铁核桃苗和1年生新疆核桃实生苗作砧木10个引种品种和对照品种间的嫁接成活率存在显著差异,1年年生铁核桃苗的嫁接成活率高于1年生新疆核桃实生苗作砧木的嫁接成活率;(2)10个引种品种中,Hansen和Axel2个品种适合于采用1年生新疆核桃实生苗作砧木,Broadview、Buccaneer、Coenen、Fernelle和Rita适合于采用1年生铁核桃作砧木;(3)本地核桃品种(对照品种)采用1年生新疆铁核桃实生苗作砧木的嫁接成活率极低,不宜采用;(4)苗高和地径系统聚类结果很明显的划为不同的2类;(5)苗高和地径生长规律基本一致,符合"S"型曲线,呈现"慢-快-慢"节律,且有二次生长;(6)苗高和地径生长可划为分生长前期、速生期、生长后期3个时期,从嫁接至停止生长期大约为205 d,速生期大约为112 d,生长前期大约为33 d,生长后期大约为70 d;(7)Juglans regia和Juglans siggillata两个核桃种间苗高和地径相对于种内变异较大,种内变异不大。

By taking one-year-old seedlings of Juglans siggillata L. and one-year-old seedlings of Juglans regia L. as the tested rootstocks, the grafting survival rate differences among 10 introduced walnut varieties and two local species（J. regia, J. siggillata） were investigated, the fixed tree, regular observation data about seedling height and ground diameter were comprehensively analyzed, and the Logistic growth curve equation was used for the sample clustering for the growth process, the seedling height and ground diameter growth dynamic laws were accurately studied. The results show that（1） by using one-year-old seedlings of J. siggillata and one-yearold seedlings of J. regia as the rootstocks, the grafting survival rates had significant differences among 10 introducted walnut varieties and contrast walnut varieties, the survival rate of one-year-old seedlings of J. siggillata was higher than that of the grafted one-year-old seedlings of J. regia;（2） among the 10 introducted varieties, the seedling rootstock of Hansen and Axel two varieties were suitable for one-year-old seeding of J. regia, the varieties of Broadview, Buccaneer, Coenen, Fernelle and Rita were suitable for one-year-old seeding of J. siggillata;（3） the survival rate of local walnut cultivars（CK） by grafting one-year-old seedlings of J. regia as the rootstocks was extremely low, so the local walnut cultivars should not be used;（4） the seedling height and ground diameter system＇s clustering results were clearly divided into 2 classes;（5） the seedling height and ground diameter growth in line with the ＂S＂ type curve, rendering fast to slow and slow rhythm;（6） according to the growth changing laws and combining with the ordered sample clustering, the seedling height and ground diameter growth process were almost the same, can be divided into three stages, initial growth stage, fast growth period, the later growth period, from grafting to stop growing season about 205 days, seedling height and ground diameter fast-growing period of about 112 days, the initial growth was about 33 days and about 70 days at later growth stage.（7） For J. regia and J. siggillata, the seedling height and ground diameter in inter-specific variation was significant while the small intra-specific variation.