二维开放条件下大国产业分工模式研究——以美国为例

Study on Industrial Division Model of Big Countries under Two-dimensional Open Conditions

大国经济开放有两个空间维度,即对外开放和区际开放,与之对应,大国的产业分工也有两个空间维度,即国际产业分工和区际产业分工。在二维开放条件下研究大国的产业分工模式,具有重要的现实意义。本文以美国为例,研究了美国在不同时空背景下产业分工模式的演变。研究发现,美国的国际分工与区际分工相互交织,产业分工的演进路径为从部门间分工逐渐向部门内和价值链分工转变,从垂直型分工逐渐向水平型和混合型分工转变。美国产业分工的特征由早期的地方专业化和部门专业化演变为当前的产品专业化和功能专业化。

Economic opening in big countries has two spatial dimensions, namely the external opening-up and the interregional opening-up. Accordingly, industrial division of big countries includes international division of industry and interregional division of industry. In the two-dimensional opening-up conditions, studying the industrial division model of big countries has great practical significance. The paper takes America as the research object and studies the model evolution of American industrial division in different space and time. The study found that international division and interregional division in America are intertwined. American industrial division experienced a transformation from inter-industries division as the main way of division to intra-industries division and value chain division. It also changed from vertical division to horizontal division and hybrid division gradually. The characteristics of the American industrial division evolved from early local specialization and sector specialization into the current product specialization and functional specialization.