试论日本“总体保守化”的选举制度要因

The Factor of the Electoral System in Japanese Overall Conservatism

老牌保守党自民党"一党独大",得益于"小选区比例代表并立制"中"小选区"优势的制度保障。近来,自民党在国会大选中实力大增,历史修正主义及修宪意图凸显。社民党等革新政党的议席急剧减少,基本失去对日本政治右倾化的制约力。新型保守政党民主党的政策"自民党化",公明党的执政党化,加之维新会和次世代党等右翼政党的崛起,日本政坛的"总体保守化"势在必然。从内因来看,日本现行选举制度客观上使得传统革新政党及在野小党弱化,保守政党壮大,日本政党政治生态发生结构性改变,导致日本政坛"总体保守化"趋于常态化。

The dominance of traditional conservative party LDP is established on the basis of the advantagous position of the single member electoral districts within the single member electoral districts and proportional representation electoral system. The dominance of traditional conservative party LDP is established on the basis of the advantagous position of the single member electoral districts within the single member electoral districts and proportional representation electoral system. Having gained dominance in the election, LDP accelerates its progress of historal revionism and constitutional amendment. The seats of socialist party in the Diet have decreased dramatically, which resulted in the weakness of leftist revolutionary parties to counter the rise of political conservatism, there has been a growing trend of political conservatism reflected by the growing similarity of DPJ policy with that of LDP, the strengthening ruling party position of Komeito Party and the rise of rightist parties such as Japan Restoration Party and Party for Next Generations. The electoral system is the cause of the growth of power of conservative parties and the weakening of leftist revolutionary parties and opposition parties, changing the fundamental political environment and make dominance of political conservatism in Japan a constant phenomenon.