导入谷子基因组DNA对小麦光合生理特性的影响

Effect of Introducing Genomic DNA of Foxtail Millet on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Wheat

为促进小麦高光效育种研究,以小麦品种普冰201、长武134及分别以普冰201和长武134为受体通过花粉管通道法导入谷子品种冀谷18基因组DNA的后代株系为材料,在拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期分别测定其最上部叶片或旗叶的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD值)等光合生理指标,成熟期收获后调查单株穗数、穗粒数、千粒重等农艺性状,并进行比较分析。结果表明,谷子基因组DNA导入系的光合特性及农艺性状与亲本相比发生了变化。在拔节期,以长武134为受体的导入系01-2-20-10的净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别较亲本高出5.5%、12.5%和6.5%。在抽穗期,以普冰201为受体的导入系01-2-12-5的蒸腾速率和气孔导度分别高出亲本11.1%和12.5%,导入系01-2-8-4和01-2-14-2的SPAD值较亲本高出9.7%和3.2%。在灌浆期,以普冰201为受体的导入系01-2-11-3的净光合速率较亲本高出10.0%,导入系01-2-12-2的气孔导度较亲本高出11.1%。对单株穗数而言,普冰201后代导入系01-2-12-2较亲本高出3.3%,长武134后代导入系01-2-17-4较亲本高出4.6%。对穗粒数而言,普冰201后代导入系01-2-12-2较亲本多出3.8%,长武134后代导入系01-2-17-4较亲本高出24.9%。普冰201所有后代导入系的株高和千粒重均高于亲本,长武134后代导入系01-2-17-4、01-2-18-5和01-2-18-12的千粒重均高于亲本。

In order to have a better understanding of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding,common wheat varieties Pubing 201,Changwu 134 and their introgression lines through pollen tube pathway using genomic DNA of foxtail millet variety Jigu 18 were used,the net photosynthetic rate,the transpiration rate,the stomatal conductance,the relative chlorophyll content（SPAD value）and other photosynthetic physiology indexes of upper leaves or flag leaves were investigated at jointing,heading and grain filling stages.Spikelets per spike,grains per spike,thousand kernel weight and other agronomic traits were also investigated after harvest at the mature period.The results showed that photosynthetic characteristics and related agronomic traits of introgression lines had changed in comparison with parents.At jointing stage,the net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of introgression line 01-2-20-10 were higher than the parent Changwu 134 with an increase of 5.5%,12.5% and 6.5%,respectively.At heading stage,compared with Pubing 201,the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of introgression line 01-2-12-5was increased by 11.1%and 12.5%,and the SPAD value of introgression line 01-2-8-4and 01-2-14-2were increased by 9.7% and 3.2%,respectively.At grain filling stage,the net photosynthetic rate of introgression line 01-2-11-3was higher than the parent Pubing 201 with an increase of 10.0%and the stomatal conductance of introgression line 01-2-12-2 was higher than the parent with an increase of 11.1%.As for the spikelets per spike,introgression line 01-2-12-2and 01-2-17-4were 3.3% and 4.6% higher than the corresponding parent.The grain number per spike of introgression line 01-2-12-2and 01-2-17-4were also higher than the corresponding parent with an increase of 3.8%and 24.9%.The plant height and thousand kernel weight of all the introgression lines of Pubing 201 were higher than the parent,and the thousand kernel weight of introgression lines of 01-2-17-4,01-2-18-5and01-2-18-12 were also increased in comparison with the parent.