云南某县蔬菜中有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留调查

Investigation of organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables in a county of Yunnan Province

目的调查云南某蔬菜种植大县蔬菜中有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留状况。方法在云南省某蔬菜种植大县3个乡镇的6个自然村中,抽取424户农户,对每一户中主要负责农业生产的农民进行面对面询问的问卷调查,并对调查对象家中当天的待食用蔬菜进行采样,共766份,用PR-12N农药残留快速检测仪检测蔬菜样品中的有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留。结果在过去一年内,有130户农户(占调查对象的31.18%)使用过问卷中列出的21种禁限用农药中的至少一种。使用人数最多的禁限用农药为杀虫脒,其次为甲胺磷、克百威、氧化乐果、地虫硫磷等。557份自留地蔬菜样品中阳性样品(即有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留超标的样品)34份(6.10%);51份大田样品中阳性样品有7份(13.73%);158份农户从市场上购买的蔬菜样品中阳性样品有20份(12.66%)。结论三种来源的蔬菜样品均检测出有机磷类和氨基甲酸酯类农药残留超标(阳性),从市场上买来的蔬菜样品的检出率高于自留地蔬菜样品的检出率。

Objective To investigate organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues in vegetables daily consumed by local residents in a county of Yunnan Province. Methods In six villages of three townships in a country of Yunnan Province, 424 farmer families were interviewed using a questionnaire and 766 vegetable samples for households use were collected. PR-12N rapid detection instrument was used to detect organophosphate and carbamate pesticide residues. Results 31.18% respondents reported that they used at least one of the prohibited pesticides in the last year. Chlordimeform ranked number followed by methamidophos, carbofuran, omethoate, and fonofos. There were 557 vegetable samples collected from household plots, of which, 34 samples were positive and the positive rate was 6. 10%. Among the 51 vegetable samples of field planting, 7 samples were positive and the positive rate was 13.73%. Among the 158 market samples, 20 of them were positive and the positive rate was 12. 66%. Conclusion Regulation need to be strengthened and comprehensive measures need to be taken in order to prevent abuse. Most vegetables consumed by local residents were from household plots, vegetables from the markets took certain proportion and the field plantings took the least proportion. All three categories had some positive samples, and the vegetable samples from markets had higher positive rate than from household plots. It was shown that farmers＇ self protection had limited effect because of the widespread of pesticides in the environment.