军事飞行员心理训练效果的实证研究

Empirical Research on Strategies and Effects of Psychological Training Concerning Military Pilot

目的:探讨两种不同的心理训练方法对飞行员缓解急性应激的效果,并对两种方法的有效性进行比较,为我军心理健康促进工作提供参考。方法:本研究选取116名飞行员参加本项研究,先通过"四任务测验"诱发应激,然后将飞行员随机分成漂浮舱训练组和腹式呼吸训练组,训练时间均为10分钟,分析两种心理训练方法对飞行员缓解应激情绪的影响。采用情绪的生理指标皮肤电作为心理训练效果的评价指标。结果:应用SPSS 16.0中一般线性模型(General linear model,GLM)的Repeated measures和multivariate过程对心理训练重复测量数据进行重复测量方差分析和多元方差分析,并进行不同时间点和不同组的两两比较。漂浮舱训练时,飞行员的皮肤电在静息、应激和漂浮舱训练3种状态均有显著差异(F=184.479,P<0.05);腹式呼吸训练时,应激状态与静息和腹式呼吸训练间有显著差异,而静息和腹式呼吸训练两个状态间未见显著差异。结论:漂浮舱训练能有效缓解飞行员的急性应激,而腹式呼吸训练后的放松效果不明显。

Objective： To explore and compare the tiees and the result assessment on acute stress relieving effect of two difficult psychological training prac- for military pilots, and offer reference for Chinese troops＇ psychology health promoting in peacetime and wartime. Methods：This research selected 116 mili- tary pilots for two methods of psychological training,58 pilots for floating capsule training and the other 58 pilots for abdominal breathing exercises. Study used physical index of galvanic skin response （GSR） as the evaluation index. Results ： Using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance process of the general linear model in SPSS and giving comparison among different groups and different measure time pairwise. The results showed that floating capsule training caused obvious change on pilots＇ GSR （F = 184. 479, P 〈 0.05 ）, but there was no obvious difference in abdominal breathing group. Conclusion： After 10 -minute psychological training, the floating capsule training group shows significant lowering of stress while there is no significant effect in abdominal breathing exercises group.