团体咨询对提高大学生心理韧性的作用

The Effect of Group Counseling on the Improvement of Resilience of Undergraduates

目的:探讨团体心理咨询在改善心理韧性方面的作用,探索有效的辅导方案。方法:对241名大一新生施测青少年心理韧性量表(HKRA)和正性负性情绪量表(PANAS),根据HKRA得分选取心理韧性高分组(n=40)、心理韧性低分组(n=40),其中低分组又分为低分实验组和低分对照组,选定F1、F6、F8、F9这4个心理韧性因子作为评价指标,对低分实验组被试者进行7周的辅导。训练结束后用HKRA和PANAS对低分组进行后测,比较干预前后心理韧性的变化,以及情绪方面的差异。结果:1高心理韧性组的PANAS积极情绪显著高于低心理韧性组(t=2.243,P<0.05),消极情绪显著低于低心理韧性组(t=5.432,P<0.01);HKRA总分与PANAS积极情绪显著正相关(r=0.359,P<0.05),与消极情绪显著负相关(r=-0.301,P<0.01);2干预后,实验组HKRA量表F1、F6、F8因子的分值显著高于干预前(t=8.951,7.522,6.439,P<0.01),F9因子与干预前没有显著差异(t=0.484,P>0.05);干预后,实验组的F1、F6、F8的分值显著高于对照组(t=2.173,2.503,2.494,P<0.05),F9因子与对照组没有显著差异(t=0.565,P>0.05);3干预后实验组的PANAS量表积极情绪显著高于干预前(t=2.240,P<0.05),消极情绪显著低于干预前(t=2.578,P<0.05);实验组积极情绪显著高于对照组(t=2.155,P<0.05),消极情绪显著低于对照组(t=2.895,P<0.01)。结论:1自编的团体辅导方案干预有效,可以提高大学生的心理韧性,并改善情绪,尤其是通过微信群完成课后作业并分享的形式受到欢迎;2团体咨询中的互助联盟是大学生心理韧性提高的关键;3心理韧性与积极、消极情绪显著相关,心理韧性的提高可以带来不良情绪的明显改善。

Objective：To investigate the effect of group counseling on improving students＇ resilience, and explore the effective method of counseling. Methods：Adolescent resilience scale （HKRA） , positive and negative affect scale （PANAS）were applied to 241 freshmen. Based on the score of HKRA, we select- ed 40 students as high resilience group and 40 students as low resilience group which was divided into the low resilience experimental group and the low resilience control group ,we chose F1 ,F6 ,F8 ,F9 of HKRA as the evaluating indicator, the low resilience experimental group accepted counseling for 7 weeks, then the low resilience group finished HKRA and PANAS again, to compare changes in mental toughness and affect before and after intervention. Results： ①The score of positive emotions in PANAS of high resilience group was higher than that of low resilience group （ t = 2. 243, P 〈 0.05 ） , The score of negative emotions was lower than that of low resilience group （t = 5. 432, P 〈 0.01 ） ;The scores of HKRA and positive emo- tions in PANAS had a significantly positive correlation （ r = 0. 359, P 〈 0. 05 ）, The scores of HKRA and negative emotions in PANAS had a significantly negative correlation（ r =0. 359 ,P 〈 0.05 ） ;②The scores of three factors（ F1 ,F6 ,F8 ）of low resilience experimental group were significantly higher than those be- fore intervention （t = 8.951,7. 522,6. 439, P 〈 0.01 ） F9 before and after intervention;The scores of three , there were no significant differences in the score of factors （ F1, F6, F8 ） of low resilience experimental group were significantly higher than those of low resilience control group（ t = 2. 173,2. 503,2. 494 ,P 〈0. 05 ）, there was no significant difference in the score of F9 between experimental group and control group ; ③The positive emotions in PANAS of experimental group was significantly higher than that before inter- vention （ t = 2.240, P 〈 0.05 ）, the negative emotions was significantly lower than that before intervention （t = 2. 578,P 〈 0.05 ） ;The positive emotions of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group（ t = 2. 155 ,P 〈0.05 ） ,The negative emotions of experimental group was significantly lower than that of control group （t = 2. 895, P 〈 0.01 ）. Conclusion： ①The group counseling intervention for re- silience is valid, it improves the resilience and mood ,the homework using micro letter group are welcome by students;②The league of mutual is the key to improve resilience;③The resilience is significantly re- lated to the positive and negative emotion, The improvement of resilience can reduce the negative emo- tion.