油脂催化转化为绿色燃料的技术进展

Development in catalytic conversion of lipid to green fuels

油脂是一类非常重要的绿色可再生能源载体.运用催化技术将油脂高效地转化为液态燃料尤其是绿色烃类燃料是当前生物质转化利用中最具有工业化应用潜力的方向,因此备受关注.本文从油脂催化转化技术中的酯交换技术、催化裂化技术、硫化态和还原态金属加氢脱氧技术等方面阐述了国内外科研前沿领域在催化剂、工艺、反应路径及机理等方面的进展.对未来多种油脂原料转化为烃类燃料尤其是生物航煤的技术路线进行了分析与建议.

Lipid is considered as an important green renewable energy carrier. Efficient conversion of lipid to liquid fuels, especially hydrocarbon fuels, is a promising field for future industrialization, and thus, it has attracted considerable attentions. This review mainly elaborates the development in the catalytic conversion of lipid such as the involved catalysts, the techniques, the reaction pathways, and the mechanisms. The current upgrading techniques on lipid transformation include transesterification, catalytic cracking, and hydrodeoxygenation with sulfided and reduced metals. With respect to the routes for converting of diverse lipid resource into hydrocarbon fuels, especially bio-jet fuel, some discussions and suggestions are presented.