煤化作用过程中有机显微组构演化特征及生烃意义综述

A Review of Evolution Characteristic of Organic Microscopic Fabric and Hydrocarbon Significance of Coalification

煤化作用过程中有机显微组分及结构演化研究对煤层气(CBM)勘探开发具一定参考价值。对各类煤有机显微组分组成特征、形态特征及大分子结构特征进行了描述。综述了目前国内外针对该研究的8种主要物理化学研究方法:分子模拟法、红外光谱(FTIR)、色谱法、质谱法(MS)、核磁共振(NMR)、拉曼光谱(RS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、X衍射(XRD)及组合研究的原理及一些应用。探讨了该研究在煤生烃方面的意义,表明地质演化是生烃的基础,大分子结构演化是控制生烃能力的关键,而动力反应机制是使生烃能力呈现多样性的重要因素。最后指出未来还需加强孔隙网络基础研究、学科方法交流研究、与泥页岩对比研究及软件研发,同时应适度关注低碳能源可能带来的挑战。

The research of organic maceral and structural evolution of coalification has the reference value for the coalbed methane exploration and development.This study summarizes the structure characteristics,morphological characteristics and macromolecular structure features of various organic maceral.This study also reviews the physical and chemical research methods on coalification which includes：molecular simulation,infrared spectroscopy,chromatography,mass spectrometry,NMR,Raman spectroscopy,XPS,XRD,and integrated methods,and presents their principles and achievements in recent years.The discussion about the significance of hydrocarbon generation in this study shows that the geological evolution is the fundamental condition of coalification,the macromolecular structure is the key factor of controlling hydrocarbon generation ability,and the kinetic reaction mechanism is the important element determine the presenting diversity.This study suggests the future research direction,and implies that the research of pore network,academic exchanges,comparative study of the shale,and software development should be strengthened,mean while attention should be paid to the potential challenge caused by low-carbon energy.