黑龙江呼兰河口湿地自然保护区夏季鸟类群落结构及多样性

Community Structure and Diversity of Summer Birds in Hulan River Estuary Wetland Nature Reserve,Heilongjiang Province

2011年至2013年每年的5—8月,采用样线法对黑龙江呼兰河口湿地自然保护区夏季鸟类的群落组成与结构进行了研究。野外调查共记录鸟类13目33科91种,其中国家重点保护鸟类11种。区内夏季鸟类以非雀形目鸟类居多,共有18科53种,占总种数的58%;雀形目鸟类15科38种,占总种数的42%。从居留型来看,保护区夏季鸟类群落中留鸟16种,夏候鸟75种。在地理区系构成上,保护区以古北界物种为主,共有47种,占总种数的51.6%,其次是广布种,共有41种,占45.1%,东洋界物种仅有3种。连续3年的多样性指数呈下降趋势,推测人为活动干扰增加与河口湿地公园建设可能是导致鸟类数量减少的最主要因素。

The community composition and structure of summer birds in Hulan River Estuary Wetland Nature Reserve were investigated by line-transect method from May to August in 2011 to 2013. A total of 91 bird species belonging to 33 families and 13 orders was recorded, and 11 species were listed as national protected birds. The bird community was mainly composed by non-passerine birds （58% of 91 ） , which were belonging to 53 families of 18 orders. Passerine birds, accoun- ted for 42% of the total number of species, were belonging to 38 families of 15 orders. The result of habit type classification suggested that, there were 16 resident species and 75 migratory birds. Additionally, 47 species were belonging to Palaearc- tic species, followed by 41 Cosmopolitan species and 3 Oriental species, which accounted for 51.6% , 45.1% and 3.3% of the total, respectively. Moreover, the index of the reserve decreased for years. It was supposed that the increasing of human disturbance and the building of Hulan River Estuary Wetland Park were the main factors for the decreasing of bird species.