模拟飞行任务负荷对人体姿势控制的影响

The Effect of Simulated Flight Tasks on Postural Control

目的:研究在机体不同站立姿势下,模拟飞行任务负荷对姿势控制能力的影响,并初步总结其变化规律。方法:从某航空院校学员中随机抽取30名,要求其持续进行4小时的模拟飞行任务负荷,并同时在0 h、1 h、2 h、3 h与4 h时,测试4种不同站立姿势下的静态立位平衡参数,比较不同姿势晃动的变化规律。结果:随着模拟飞行任务的持续,4种站立姿势下,被试的立位平衡能力发生了不同程度的变化,并呈现出一定的变化趋势。其中睁眼站立于脚垫上的姿势晃动程度变化最明显,并有重心前倾的趋势;另外,在暴露于飞行任务负荷下,机体视觉信息通道的关闭有可能激发视觉、前庭、本体与肌肉控制等系统对平衡维持能力的代偿性增强作用,而下肢本体感觉信息的阻碍又同时会损坏视觉、前庭、本体等系统对立位平衡能力的控制作用。结论:模拟飞行任务负荷下,机体的姿势晃动会呈现一定的变化规律,即身体可能会代偿性的向前倾斜,来维持身体的立位平衡状态。同时,视觉通道与下肢本体感觉通道对任务负荷条件下立位平衡功能的代偿能力发挥不同的作用。这种变化规律的初步阐述对我们下一步的立位平衡与飞行疲劳评估的研究打下一定的理论基础。

Objective： To study the changing traits of body postural control and its compensatory mechanism due to simulated flight tasks. Methods： 30 volunteers who were selected randomly from X aviation college were asked to perform about 4 hours simulated combined flight tasks consecutively. And then their balance function was tested at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h during the period. And then, the different changing traits of the four postures were analyzed. Results： With the simulated flight tasks going on, there were the different changing characteristics among the four standing postures, and postural control of the volunteers who stand on the pad with eyes open （PC） was the most instable. Besides, when the visual information was unavailable, the fimction of the other subsystems like vestibular or- gans and proprioceptive sense of lower extremity on postural control might get enhanced compensatorily. While the proprioceptive sense of lower extremity was limited, the other subsystems＇ function was weak to maintain standing balance. Conclusion： Under the tasks load, body would regain standing balancing state by body＇ s leaning forward. As far as the compensatory mechanism of flight tasks load, the vi- sual channel and proprioceptive sense of lower extremity were different. These results would lay the foundation to construct assessing model for flight fatigue with standing balance function.