黔南地区3～6岁儿童牙齿酸蚀症现患率调查及影响因素分析

Prevalence survey on dental erosion among 3-6-year-old children in Qiannan area and analysis on the influencing factors

目的：了解黔南地区3-6岁儿童牙齿酸蚀症的患病率及其影响因素。方法：2013年1-10月采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法随机抽取黔南地区3-6岁儿童1 973名进行问卷调查、体格检查和牙齿酸蚀症筛查,计算牙齿酸蚀症患病率,并对与牙齿酸蚀症相关的因素进行单因素及多因素分析。结果：1 973名被调查3-6岁儿童中酸蚀症患者374名,总患病率18.95%。布依族儿童酸蚀症患病率分别与苗族、水族和汉族儿童比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。单因素分析显示民族、酸性食物、婴儿期的喂养方式、碳酸饮料、睡前喝酸奶或酸性饮料、睡前含奶瓶及何时开始刷牙等为影响儿童患酸蚀症的危险因素（P〈0.5）;多因素分析表明民族（P=0.234）、酸性食物（P=0.017）、碳酸饮料（P=0.011）、睡前喝酸奶或酸性饮料（P=0.001）、睡前含奶瓶（P=0.025）及何时开始刷牙（P=0.247）为影响儿童患酸蚀症的独立危险因素,其中睡前喝酸奶或酸性饮料为最强的危险因素。结论：黔南地区3-6岁儿童牙齿酸蚀症患病率高于全国平均水平。影响儿童患酸蚀症的独立危险因素为民族、酸性食物、碳酸饮料、睡前喝酸奶或酸性饮料、睡前含奶瓶及何时开始刷牙。

Objective： To understand the prevalence rate and influencing factors of dental erosion among 3- 6- year- old children in Qiannan area. Methods： From January to October in 2013,a total of 1 973 children aged 3- 6 years old were randomly selected from Qiannan area by multi- stage stratified cluster random sampling method,then questionnaire survey,physical examination,and screening of dental erosion were conducted,the morbidity of dental erosion was calculated,the related factors were analyzed by univariate analysis and multivariate analysis. Results： Among 1 973 children,374 children were diagnosed as dental erosion,the total morbidity was 18. 95%.There was statistically significant difference in the morbidity of dental erosion between Buyi children and Miao children,Shui children,and Han children,respectively（ P 〈0. 05）. Univariate analysis showed that the risk factors of dental erosion among the children aged 3- 6years old included nation,acidic food,feeding patterns during infancy,sodas,drinking acidic drinks or acidophilous milk before sleeping,with the bottle mouth before sleeping,and when to start brushing（ P 〈0. 5）; multivariate analysis showed that nation（ P = 0. 234）,acidic food（ P = 0. 017）,sodas（ P = 0. 011）,drinking acidic drinks or acidophilous milk before sleeping（ P = 0. 001）,with the bottle mouth before sleeping（ P = 0. 025）,and when to start brushing（ P = 0. 247） were independent risk factors for dental erosion in children,especially drinking acidic drinks or acidophilous milk before sleeping. Conclusion： The morbidity of dental erosion among children aged 3- 6 years old in Qiannan area is higher than the national average; the independent risk factors for dental erosion in children include nation,acidic food,sodas,drinking acidic drinks or acidophilous milk before sleeping,with the bottle mouth before sleeping,and when to start brushing.