东莞太平地区儿童支气管哮喘急性发作期的病毒感染特征

Characteristics of viral infection in children with acute onset of bronchial asthma in Taiping area of Dongguan

目的了解东莞太平地区儿童支气管哮喘急性发作期的病毒感染特征,指导临床防治。方法选择2012年6月至2013年6月东莞市第五人民医院收治住院的166例支气管哮喘急性发作患儿,根据年龄分为婴幼儿组和儿童组,分别检测2组的病毒抗原分布情况,并进行比较。结果166例患儿中,病毒检测阳性69例(41.6%),其中呼吸道合胞病毒感染55例,流感病毒感染9例、腺病毒感染8例、副流感病毒感染4例。春、夏、秋、冬季的病毒感染率分别为52%、27%、25%、48%,不同季节病毒感染率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。婴幼儿组的病毒感染率为53%,明显高于儿童组的35%,婴幼儿组的呼吸道合胞病毒感染率亦明显高于儿童组(47%vs.25%,P<0.05)。结论东莞太平地区儿童哮喘急性发作与病毒感染密切相关,呼吸道合胞病毒为主要病毒,婴幼儿感染率更高,支气管哮喘患儿在春、冬季应注意预防病毒感染。

Objective To explore the characteristics of viral infection in children with acute onset of bronchial asthma in Taiping area of Dongguan,and provide guidance for clinical prevention and treatment.Methods A total of 166 children presenting with acute onset of bronchial asthma admitted to the 5th People＇s Hospital of Dongguan between June 2012 and June 2013 were enrolled in this study. All participants were divided into infant and child groups according to age. Seven common viruses including respiratory syncytial virus（ RSV）,adenovirus（ ADV）,influenza virus A（ IVa） and B（ IVb）,influenza virus,parainfluenza virus 1,2and 3（ PIV1,PIV2,PIV3） were detected by direct immunofluorescence method in both groups. Results Among 166 children,69 cases（ 41. 6%） were positive for viral infection including 55 children infected with RSV,9 with influenza virus,8 with ADV and 4 with parainfluenza. The rates of viral infection in four seasons were 52%,27%,25% and 48% with statistical significance（ P〈0. 05）. The rate of viral infection in the infant group was 53%,significantly higher compared with 35% in the child group（ P〈0. 05）. In addition,the positive rate of RSV infection also significantly differed between the infant and child groups（ 47% vs. 25%,P〈0. 05）. Conclusions The acute onset of bronchial asthma is closely correlated with viral infection. RSV is the dominant viral species. More attention should be diverted to preventing viral infection during Spring and Winter.