血管管腔形成的遗传调控

Genetic control of vascular lumen formation

血管系统是脊椎动物机体中最早发育并行使重要生理功能的复杂系统。血管管腔形成启始于心脏开始跳动和所有其他组织器官形成之前,对于促进血管系统的精确建成和有效灌流,通过营养运输、气体交换和代谢废物清除以确保所有组织器官的形成和生长至关重要。在血管发育过程的两个阶段,即血管发生(vasculogenesis)和血管形成(angiogenesis)中,有效管腔的形成和维持均是保证血管正常发育并行使生理功能的关键环节。血管管腔形成大致可以分为两个关键环节:血管管腔形成的诱导以及内皮细胞极性的建立和维持。重点依据体内遗传修饰模式生物方面的研究结果,从上述两个环节分别阐述血管管腔形成的遗传调控机制。

The blood vasculature is one of the first organ systems to form during vertebrate embryogenesis. Initiated before heart beating and all other organ formation, vascular tubulogenesis plays essential roles in the proper establishment and efficient perfusion of blood vessels which ensure organ formation and growth by meeting the demands of a rapidly growing embryo in need of nutrients, gas exchange, and metabolic waste removal. During the two major steps of vascular development, vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, the process of lumen formation is critical for establishing a patent and functional vascular system. There are two crucial events during vascular lumen formation： induction of vascular lumen formation, establishment and maintenance of endothelial cell polarity. In this review, we will focus on the diverse mechanisms by which the vascular lumens are formed, based on in vivo studies in genetically modified animal models.