高等专科学校口腔医学实习生职业安全防护行为现状分析

Analysis of the current situation the oral medical interns' awareness on occupation safety behavior in college

目的了解口腔医学实习生职业安全防护知识知晓情况及防护现状,为健全职业安全教育体系及规范防护行为提供科学依据。方法自行设计调查问卷,对425名口腔医学专业实习生采用回顾性问卷调查,对调查内容进行打分并统计分析。问卷包括职业安全防护知识、行为认知及防护行为(常规穿防护用品)3项内容。结果问卷回收率为100%。职业安全防护知识和行为认知平均得分为4.55±0.91和4.40±1.05;90%以上的实习生能做到常规防护,而能做到特殊防护的实习生低于40%。在防护知识方面,三级医院较口腔医院和二级甲等医院平均得分高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);在行为认知和防护行为方面,二级甲等医院得分较口腔医院和三级医院低(P<0.001);二级甲等医院的职业安全防护行为现状相对较差。女生在3项内容的平均得分均高于男生,经过岗前培训的学生的平均得分均高于未经过培训的学生(P<0.001)。结论口腔医学实习生职业安全防护知识匮乏,防护行为不容乐观。学校和医院应加强实习生职业安全防护教育,改善防护现状。

Objective This study aims to determine the awareness oral medical interns about occupation safety protection of knowledge and to present a scientific basis for perfecting the occupation safety education system and standard protection behavior. Methods A self-designed questionnaire that used a retrospective questionnaire survey on 425 stomatological in- terns, scoring, and statistical analysis of the survey were performed. The questionnaire included occupation safety prevention knowledge, behavior cognitive, and protective behavior, among others. Results The questionnaire recovery rate was 100%, and the average scores of the prevention knowledge and behavior cognitive were 4.55±0.91 and 4.40±1.05, respectively. More than 90% interns can conduct the conventional protection, and less than 40% can perform special protection. For the item ＂occupation safety protection knowledge＂, the scores of three grade Ⅲ hospitals were higher than that of stomatological hos- pitals and second level of first-class hospitals; the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.001）. For the items ＂behavior cognition＂ and ＂protective behavior＂, the scores of the second level of first-class hospitals were lower than those of grade Ili hospitals and stomatolgical hospitals （P〈0.001）. The second level of first-class hospitals was relatively poor in safety protection knowledge, behavioral cognitive, and protection behavior. The average score was higher for than for boys in the three contents, and the average score of interns accepting pre-job training was higher than those rejected; the difference was statis- tically significant （P〈0.001）. Conclusion The occupation safety knowledge of oral medical interns is not sufficient, and the protective behavior is poor. Schools and hospitals should strengthen the intern occupation safety and protection education and improve the status of occupation safety behavior.