乾隆宫廷玛纳斯碧玉研究

The Manasi Green Jade in The Collection of The Qing Court during Emperor Qianlong's Regime

玛纳斯碧玉与清代宫廷玉器制作的关系问题是清代玉器史研究中的一个空白,相关的研究一直十分薄弱。不少研究者倾向于清宫玉器收藏中存在着玛纳斯碧玉作品,而且数量不少,却苦于找不到一条文献材料证明这些玉器的原料就是来自于玛纳斯,因此,玛纳斯玉也成为玉器史的"迷思"之一。本文以文献记录、清宫档案和故宫博物院的收藏为依据,对清代新疆玛纳斯碧玉的开采进行探讨,对清代宫廷利用玛纳斯碧玉制作玉器的情况详加解析,尝试勾画出清代玛纳斯碧玉开发利用的真实图景。作者认为,玛纳斯碧玉是乾隆时期宫廷玉器制作重要的原材料之一,与清代宫廷玉器发展有着极为密切的关系。查禁玛纳斯碧玉的指令由乾隆帝发出,查禁期间大量玛纳斯碧玉原料进入宫廷,并利用这些原料琢制了大量玉器作品,宫廷成为此一时期内玛纳斯碧玉唯一的合法利用者。

It remains a controversial issue whether or not Manasi green jade artifacts were a part of the collection of the Qing Court. In this thesis the author probes into the source of Manasi green jade and the links between Manasi green jade and the Qing Court's collection from different angles by analyzing the mining and processing of Manasi green jade based on related archives and jade wares of The Palace Museum, followed by the conclusion that Manasi green jade was among the major raw materials used for making jade artifacts of the imperial Qing Court during the reign of Emperor Qianlong( 乾隆) who gave the order that prohibited anyone from owning Manasi green jade materials dedicated for of jade artifacts the imperial Qing Court at that time.